Diploma in Elementary Education (D.El.Ed) - 2nd Semester 2024
Paper S2.1: Education in Contemporary Indian Society
ā§§. āĻāĻŽু āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āϞিāĻা (Write short answers) 1×8=8
(āĻ) āĻোā§°āϤাāϞ āύৃāϤ্āϝ āĻোāύে āϏৃāώ্āĻি āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻোā§°āϤাāϞ āύৃāϤ্āϝ āύাā§°াāĻšā§°ী āĻŦুāĻĸ়া āĻāĻāϤে ⧧⧝āĻļ āĻļāϤিāĻাā§° āĻŽাāĻāĻাāĻāϤ āϏৃāώ্āĻি āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻ āύৃāϤ্āϝ āĻ
āϏāĻŽā§° āĻļাāϏ্āϤ্ā§°ীāϝ় āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻāĻ āĻāϤিāĻļীāϞ ā§°ূāĻĒ, āϝ'āϤ āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤ āϞāϝ় āĻā§°ু āĻšাāϤ⧰ āĻŽুāĻĻ্ā§°াā§°ে āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
(a) Who developed Bhortal Nritya?
Answer: Bhortal Nritya was developed by Narahari Burha Bhakat in the mid-19th century. It is a dynamic classical dance form of Assam, characterized by fast rhythms and intricate hand movements.
(āĻ) āĻāϧুāύিāĻীāĻā§°āĻŖā§° āĻāĻা āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύ āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϝুāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°। āĻāϧুāύিāĻীāĻā§°āĻŖে āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°াāĻāϤ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤে āĻŦৈāĻ্āĻাāύিāĻ āĻĻৃāώ্āĻিāĻংāĻী āĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻā§°ে।
(b) Mention one characteristic of modernization.
Answer: Extensive use of science and technology. Modernization replaces traditional methods with scientific approaches in societal development.
(āĻ) āĻāώ্āĻ āĻāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϝ়া āĻোāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύীāϝ়ে āĻ āϏāĻŽ āĻļাāϏāύ āĻā§°া āĻুāĻ্āϤিāĻāύ⧰ āύাāĻŽ āϞিāĻা।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻāϝ়াāĻŖ্āĻĄাāĻŦু āĻুāĻ্āϤি (ā§§ā§Žā§¨ā§Ŧ)। āĻংā§°াāĻ āĻā§°ু āĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻšোā§ąা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻংā§°াāĻ-āĻŽাāύ āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ⧰ āĻ
āύ্āϤāϤ āĻāĻ āĻুāĻ্āϤি āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ্āώ⧰িāϤ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।
(c) Name the treaty through which British East India Company ruled over Assam.
Answer: Treaty of Yandabo (1826), signed after the First Anglo-Burmese War, granting the British control over Assam.
(āĻ) āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাā§° āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ় āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻāϝ়োāĻā§° āύাāĻŽ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻšাāĻŖ্āĻাā§° āĻāϝ়োāĻ (ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§¨)। āĻাā§° āĻāĻāϞিāϝ়াāĻŽ āĻšাāĻŖ্āĻাā§°ā§° āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦāϤ āĻāĻ āĻāϝ়োāĻে āĻাā§°āϤ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ āĻā§°ু āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽিāĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āĻāύ্āύāϝ়āύ⧰ āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ āĻĻিāĻিāϞ।
(d) Mention the first Indian Commission in pre-independent India.
Answer: Hunter Commission (1882), chaired by Sir William Hunter, recommended reforms for primary and secondary education in India.
(āĻ) āĻুā§°ুāĻুāϞāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ āĻā§°া āĻāĻা āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āύাāĻŽ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻŽৌāĻিāĻ āĻĒুāύ⧰াāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি (Oral Recitation)। āĻŦেāĻĻ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻĒāύিāώāĻĻ āĻŽুāĻāϏ্āĻĨ āĻā§°োā§ąাā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻ্āĻাāύ āϏāĻ্āĻাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।
(e) Mention one teaching method followed in the Gurukulas in ancient India.
Answer: Oral Recitation (Shruti-Smriti), where scriptures like Vedas were memorized through repetitive chanting.
(āĻ) RMSA ā§° āĻāĻা āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽিāĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āϏুāĻŦিāϧাā§° āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āĻŦিāϏ্āϤাā§°। āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻৈ āĻ্ā§°াāĻŽ্āϝ āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ āĻ
āĻ্āĻāϞāϤ āϏ্āĻুāϞ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°া।
(f) Mention one objective of RMSA.
Answer: Universalize access to secondary education, especially in rural and marginalized areas by establishing new schools.
(āĻ) āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ় āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ⧰ āĻোāύāĻো āĻ āύুāĻ্āĻেāĻĻāϤ āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻ āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻুāĻ্āϤ?
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻ
āύুāĻ্āĻেāĻĻ ā§Šā§Ŧā§Ž। āϏংāϏāĻĻে āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
(g) Mention the Article for amendment procedure in the Indian Constitution.
Answer: Article 368, which empowers Parliament to amend the Constitution.
(āĻ) āĻ āϏāĻŽā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨāύীāϤিā§° āĻāĻা āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°া।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻৃāώি āĻā§°ু āĻাāĻš āĻā§āĻĒাāĻĻāύ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϧাāύ্āϝ। āĻ
āϏāĻŽ āĻাā§°āϤ⧰ āĻŽুāĻ āĻাāĻš āĻā§āĻĒাāĻĻāύ⧰ ā§Ģā§Ļ%ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻā§°ীāϝ়া।
(h) Mention one characteristic of Assam's economy.
Answer: Dependence on agriculture and tea production, with Assam contributing 50% of India's total tea output.
⧍. āĻāĻŽু āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিā§া (Answer in brief) 2×5=10
(āĻ) āĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻā§°ু āĻŦেāĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻĻুāĻা āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰:
ā§§. āĻ ā§°্āĻĨā§° āĻā§āϏ: āĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧠⧰াāĻ্āϝিāĻ āĻŦাāĻেāĻā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒোā§ąা āϧāύেā§°ে āĻāϞে, āĻāύāĻšাāϤে āĻŦেāĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧠āĻাāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻĢি āĻā§°ু āĻŦেāĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻ āύুāĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āύিā§°্āĻā§°āĻļীāϞ।
⧍. āĻļৈāĻ্āώিāĻ āĻŽাāύ: āĻŦেāĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ে āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ্ā§°āĻŽ āĻā§°ু āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°ে, āϝেāύে āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒিāĻāĻাā§° āϞেāĻŦ, āϝিāĻো āĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§āϤ āϏীāĻŽিāϤ।
ā§§. āĻ ā§°্āĻĨā§° āĻā§āϏ: āĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧠⧰াāĻ্āϝিāĻ āĻŦাāĻেāĻā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒোā§ąা āϧāύেā§°ে āĻāϞে, āĻāύāĻšাāϤে āĻŦেāĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧠āĻাāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻĢি āĻā§°ু āĻŦেāĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻ āύুāĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āύিā§°্āĻā§°āĻļীāϞ।
⧍. āĻļৈāĻ্āώিāĻ āĻŽাāύ: āĻŦেāĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§ে āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে āĻāύ্āύāϤ āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ্ā§°āĻŽ āĻā§°ু āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°ে, āϝেāύে āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒিāĻāĻাā§° āϞেāĻŦ, āϝিāĻো āĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§āϤ āϏীāĻŽিāϤ।
(a) Two differences between public and private schools.
Answer:
1. Funding: Govt schools rely on state budgets; private schools depend on student fees and private grants.
2. Educational Quality: Private schools often offer advanced curricula (e.g., smart classes) lacking in many govt schools.
1. Funding: Govt schools rely on state budgets; private schools depend on student fees and private grants.
2. Educational Quality: Private schools often offer advanced curricula (e.g., smart classes) lacking in many govt schools.
(āĻ) āĻাā§°āϤ⧰ āϏাāĻŽাāĻিāĻ āĻāĻ āύ⧰ āĻĻিāĻļāϏāĻŽূāĻš।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰:
- āĻাāϤি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা: āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āϏāĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻŦ্ā§°াāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ, āĻ্āώāϤ্ā§°িāϝ় āĻāĻĻি āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻŦিāĻাāĻāύ।
- āϧ⧰্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻŦৈāĻিāϤ্ā§°্āϝ: āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু, āĻŽুāĻāϞāĻŽাāύ, āĻļিāĻ, āĻ্ā§°ীāώ্āĻাāύ āĻāĻĻিā§° āϏāĻšাāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ।
- āĻাāώিāĻ āĻŦৈāĻিāϤ্ā§°্āϝ: ⧍⧍ āĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻাāώা āĻā§°ু ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§ĻāϤāĻৈ āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻāĻĨ্āϝ āĻাāώা।
- āĻাāϤি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা: āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āϏāĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻŦ্ā§°াāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ, āĻ্āώāϤ্ā§°িāϝ় āĻāĻĻি āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻŦিāĻাāĻāύ।
- āϧ⧰্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻŦৈāĻিāϤ্ā§°্āϝ: āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু, āĻŽুāĻāϞāĻŽাāύ, āĻļিāĻ, āĻ্ā§°ীāώ্āĻাāύ āĻāĻĻিā§° āϏāĻšাāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ।
- āĻাāώিāĻ āĻŦৈāĻিāϤ্ā§°্āϝ: ⧍⧍ āĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻাāώা āĻā§°ু ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§ĻāϤāĻৈ āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻāĻĨ্āϝ āĻাāώা।
(b) Aspects of India's social structure.
Answer:
- Caste System: Hierarchical divisions like Brahmins, Kshatriyas.
- Religious Pluralism: Coexistence of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, etc.
- Linguistic Diversity: 22 official languages and over 1000 dialects.
- Caste System: Hierarchical divisions like Brahmins, Kshatriyas.
- Religious Pluralism: Coexistence of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, etc.
- Linguistic Diversity: 22 official languages and over 1000 dialects.
(āĻ) āĻ āϏāĻŽā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨāύীāϤিāϤ āĻŦāύāĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻā§° āĻ ā§ąāĻĻাāύ।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻŦāύāĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻে āĻ āϏāĻŽāĻ āĻাāĻ , āĻŦাঁāĻš, āĻŽৌ, āĻāώāϧী āĻāĻ-āĻāĻāύি āĻāĻĻি āϝোāĻাāύ āϧ⧰ে। āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖāϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে:
- āĻাঁāĻšাā§°ি āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāϤ āĻŦাঁāĻšā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°ে āĻšাāĻাā§°ো āϞোāĻāĻ āĻীā§ąিāĻা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°ে
- ā§°াāĻ্āϝিāĻ GDPā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ā§Š% āĻ ā§ąāĻĻাāύ
- āĻĒā§°্āϝāĻāύ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāĻ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻā§°ে (āϝেāύে: āĻাāĻিā§°āĻা ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύ)
āĻŦāύāĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻে āĻ āϏāĻŽāĻ āĻাāĻ , āĻŦাঁāĻš, āĻŽৌ, āĻāώāϧী āĻāĻ-āĻāĻāύি āĻāĻĻি āϝোāĻাāύ āϧ⧰ে। āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖāϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে:
- āĻাঁāĻšাā§°ি āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāϤ āĻŦাঁāĻšā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°ে āĻšাāĻাā§°ো āϞোāĻāĻ āĻীā§ąিāĻা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°ে
- ā§°াāĻ্āϝিāĻ GDPā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ā§Š% āĻ ā§ąāĻĻাāύ
- āĻĒā§°্āϝāĻāύ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāĻ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āĻā§°ে (āϝেāύে: āĻাāĻিā§°āĻা ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻāĻĻ্āϝাāύ)
(c) Contribution of forest resources to Assam's economy.
Answer:
Forest resources provide:
- Timber, bamboo, honey, and medicinal plants
- Employment in bamboo-based industries (e.g., handicrafts)
- Contributes ~3% to state GDP
- Supports tourism (e.g., Kaziranga National Park)
Forest resources provide:
- Timber, bamboo, honey, and medicinal plants
- Employment in bamboo-based industries (e.g., handicrafts)
- Contributes ~3% to state GDP
- Supports tourism (e.g., Kaziranga National Park)
(āĻ) āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ় āĻļিāĻ্āώাāϤ āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻāϤিāĻŦাāĻāĻ:
- āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āĻ ংāĻļীāĻĻাā§°িāϤ্āĻŦā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻāĻ্āĻāĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āĻŽাāύ āĻāύ্āύāϝ়āύ
- āύāϤুāύ āĻাā§°িāĻā§°ী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ
āύেāϤিāĻŦাāĻāĻ:
- āĻŦাāĻŖিāĻ্āϝিāĻā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻĻুāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϝ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে
- āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą
āĻāϤিāĻŦাāĻāĻ:
- āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āĻ ংāĻļীāĻĻাā§°িāϤ্āĻŦā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻāĻ্āĻāĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āĻŽাāύ āĻāύ্āύāϝ়āύ
- āύāϤুāύ āĻাā§°িāĻā§°ী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ
āύেāϤিāĻŦাāĻāĻ:
- āĻŦাāĻŖিāĻ্āϝিāĻā§°āĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻĻুāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϝ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে
- āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিā§° āĻāĻĒā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą
(d) Impact of FDI on Indian education.
Answer:
Positive:
- Enhances higher education quality through global partnerships
- Establishes new technical training centers
Negative:
- Commercialization may exclude economically weak students
- Cultural influences on local traditions
Positive:
- Enhances higher education quality through global partnerships
- Establishes new technical training centers
Negative:
- Commercialization may exclude economically weak students
- Cultural influences on local traditions
(āĻ) āĻোāύাāĻী āϝুāĻā§° āĻ āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻোāύাāĻী (ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§¯-ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Ž) āĻāϞোāĻāύীā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻāϧুāύিāĻ āĻ āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ⧰ āϏূāĻāύা āĻšৈāĻিāϞ। āĻŽূāϞ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ:
- āϞāĻ্āώ্āĻŽীāύাāĻĨ āĻŦেāĻāĻŦā§°ুā§ąা, āĻšেāĻŽāĻāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āĻোāϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽী āĻāĻĻি āϞেāĻāĻ
- ā§°োāĻŽাāĻŖ্āĻিāĻ āĻāĻŦিāϤা āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦāύ্āϧ⧰ āĻĒুāύ⧰ুāĻ্āĻীā§ąāύ
- āĻĒাāĻļ্āĻাāϤ্āϝ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą
- āĻাāϤীāϝ়āϤাāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻাā§ąāϧাā§°া
āĻোāύাāĻী (ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§¯-ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Ž) āĻāϞোāĻāύীā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻāϧুāύিāĻ āĻ āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ⧰ āϏূāĻāύা āĻšৈāĻিāϞ। āĻŽূāϞ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ:
- āϞāĻ্āώ্āĻŽীāύাāĻĨ āĻŦেāĻāĻŦā§°ুā§ąা, āĻšেāĻŽāĻāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āĻোāϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽী āĻāĻĻি āϞেāĻāĻ
- ā§°োāĻŽাāĻŖ্āĻিāĻ āĻāĻŦিāϤা āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦāύ্āϧ⧰ āĻĒুāύ⧰ুāĻ্āĻীā§ąāύ
- āĻĒাāĻļ্āĻাāϤ্āϝ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą
- āĻাāϤীāϝ়āϤাāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻাā§ąāϧাā§°া
(e) Jonaki Age of Assamese literature.
Answer:
The Jonaki magazine (1889-1898) pioneered modern Assamese literature. Key features:
- Writers: Lakshminath Bezbaroa, Hemchandra Goswami
- Revival through romantic poetry and essays
- Influence of Western literature
- Nationalistic ideologies
The Jonaki magazine (1889-1898) pioneered modern Assamese literature. Key features:
- Writers: Lakshminath Bezbaroa, Hemchandra Goswami
- Revival through romantic poetry and essays
- Influence of Western literature
- Nationalistic ideologies
ā§Š. āĻāĻŽুāĻোāĻা āϞিāĻা (Write short notes) 3×5=15
(āĻ) āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীā§° āĻļিāĻ্āώা।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖী (SC/ST/OBC)ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ āϏীāĻŽিāϤ। āĻā§°āĻাā§°ে āĻাāϤ্ā§°āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি, āĻŽুāĻ্āϤ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় (Open Schools), āĻā§°ু ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻঁāĻāύিā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤাā§° āĻšাā§° āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ে। āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻ āύুāϏূāĻীāϤ āĻাāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে ā§§ā§Ģ% āĻāϏāύ āϏংā§°āĻ্āώāĻŖ।
āĻঁāĻāύি:
- ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা āĻŽিāĻāύ
- āĻŽāϧ্āϝāĻŽাāĻšুā§°া āϏ্āĻীāĻŽ
- ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻŽাāĻĻ্ā§°াāĻা āĻঁāĻāύি
āĻā§ąāĻļ্āϝāĻāϤা:
- āϏাāĻŽাāĻিāĻ āύ্āϝাāϝ় āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ া
- āĻ ā§°্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ āĻ¸ā§ąāϞীāĻā§°āĻŖ
- ā§°াāĻāύৈāϤিāĻ āĻ ংāĻļāĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি
āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖী (SC/ST/OBC)ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ āϏীāĻŽিāϤ। āĻā§°āĻাā§°ে āĻাāϤ্ā§°āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি, āĻŽুāĻ্āϤ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় (Open Schools), āĻā§°ু ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻঁāĻāύিā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤাā§° āĻšাā§° āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ে। āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻ āύুāϏূāĻীāϤ āĻাāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে ā§§ā§Ģ% āĻāϏāύ āϏংā§°āĻ্āώāĻŖ।
āĻঁāĻāύি:
- ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা āĻŽিāĻāύ
- āĻŽāϧ্āϝāĻŽাāĻšুā§°া āϏ্āĻীāĻŽ
- ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻŽাāĻĻ্ā§°াāĻা āĻঁāĻāύি
āĻā§ąāĻļ্āϝāĻāϤা:
- āϏাāĻŽাāĻিāĻ āύ্āϝাāϝ় āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ া
- āĻ ā§°্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ āĻ¸ā§ąāϞীāĻā§°āĻŖ
- ā§°াāĻāύৈāϤিāĻ āĻ ংāĻļāĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি
(a) Education for marginalized sections.
Answer:
Marginalized groups face barriers like poverty and discrimination. Govt schemes (e.g., scholarships, RTE Act) aim to improve access. Example: 15% seat reservation for SC students in schools.
Schemes:
- National Literacy Mission
- Mid-Day Meal Scheme
- National Madrasa Programme
Needs:
- Establish social justice
- Economic empowerment
- Enhance political participation
Marginalized groups face barriers like poverty and discrimination. Govt schemes (e.g., scholarships, RTE Act) aim to improve access. Example: 15% seat reservation for SC students in schools.
Schemes:
- National Literacy Mission
- Mid-Day Meal Scheme
- National Madrasa Programme
Needs:
- Establish social justice
- Economic empowerment
- Enhance political participation
(āĻ) āϏাāĻŽাāĻিāĻ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦā§°্āϤāύ āĻā§°ু āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻ āϏāĻŽাāĻāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąিāϤ āĻā§°ে:
- āĻŽāĻšিāϞাā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤাāĻ āϞিংāĻ āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°ে
- āĻŦৈāĻ্āĻাāύিāĻ āĻĻৃāώ্āĻিāĻংāĻীāϝ়ে āĻুāϏংāϏ্āĻাā§° āĻĻূā§° āĻā§°ে
āϏāĻŽাāĻে āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąিāϤ āĻā§°ে:
- āĻĄিāĻিāĻেāϞ āĻোāĻāĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒিāĻāĻাā§° āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻā§ąāĻļ্āϝāĻ
- āĻŦāĻšুāĻাāώিāĻ āϏāĻŽাāĻে āĻŦāĻšুāĻাāώিāĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŖাāϞীā§° demand āĻā§°ে
āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ:
Kothari Commission (1964-66)ā§° āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļāĻ āϏāĻŽাāĻā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŦā§°্āϤāύ⧰ āϞāĻāϤ āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āϏংāϏ্āĻাā§° āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ
āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻ āϏāĻŽাāĻāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąিāϤ āĻā§°ে:
- āĻŽāĻšিāϞাā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤাāĻ āϞিংāĻ āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°ে
- āĻŦৈāĻ্āĻাāύিāĻ āĻĻৃāώ্āĻিāĻংāĻীāϝ়ে āĻুāϏংāϏ্āĻাā§° āĻĻূā§° āĻā§°ে
āϏāĻŽাāĻে āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąিāϤ āĻā§°ে:
- āĻĄিāĻিāĻেāϞ āĻোāĻāĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒিāĻāĻাā§° āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻā§ąāĻļ্āϝāĻ
- āĻŦāĻšুāĻাāώিāĻ āϏāĻŽাāĻে āĻŦāĻšুāĻাāώিāĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŖাāϞীā§° demand āĻā§°ে
āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ:
Kothari Commission (1964-66)ā§° āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļāĻ āϏāĻŽাāĻā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŦā§°্āϤāύ⧰ āϞāĻāϤ āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āϏংāϏ্āĻাā§° āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ
(b) Relationship between social change and education.
Answer:
Education influences society:
- Female literacy promotes gender equality
- Scientific temper eliminates superstitions
Society influences education:
- Digital voting requires computer literacy
- Multilingual societies need multilingual education systems
Example:
Kothari Commission (1964-66) recommendations reformed education to align with social changes
Education influences society:
- Female literacy promotes gender equality
- Scientific temper eliminates superstitions
Society influences education:
- Digital voting requires computer literacy
- Multilingual societies need multilingual education systems
Example:
Kothari Commission (1964-66) recommendations reformed education to align with social changes
(āĻ) āĻļিāĻ্āώাāϤ āύāϤুāύ āĻ ā§°্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ āϏংāϏ্āĻাā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰:
⧧⧝⧝⧧⧰ āĻāĻĻাā§°ীāĻā§°āĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą:
ā§§. āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāĻāϤāĻā§°āĻŖ: āĻŦেāĻি āĻŦেāĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ
⧍. āĻŦ্āϝāϝ় āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি: āĻāĻ্āĻ āĻā§°āĻে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŦāĻ্āĻিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻে
ā§Š. āĻুāĻŖāĻāϤ āĻŽাāύ: āĻāύ্āϤঃā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻŽাāύāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ
ā§Ē. āĻাā§°িāĻā§°ী āĻļিāĻ্āώা: ITI, āĻĒāϞিāĻেāĻāύিāĻā§° āϏংāĻ্āϝা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি
āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা:
- āĻ্ā§°াāĻŽ্āϝ-āĻāĻšā§° āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি
- āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āĻŦাāĻŖিāĻ্āϝিāĻā§°āĻŖ
⧧⧝⧝⧧⧰ āĻāĻĻাā§°ীāĻā§°āĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą:
ā§§. āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāĻāϤāĻā§°āĻŖ: āĻŦেāĻি āĻŦেāĻā§°āĻাā§°ী āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ
⧍. āĻŦ্āϝāϝ় āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি: āĻāĻ্āĻ āĻā§°āĻে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŦāĻ্āĻিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻে
ā§Š. āĻুāĻŖāĻāϤ āĻŽাāύ: āĻāύ্āϤঃā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻŽাāύāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ
ā§Ē. āĻাā§°িāĻā§°ী āĻļিāĻ্āώা: ITI, āĻĒāϞিāĻেāĻāύিāĻā§° āϏংāĻ্āϝা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি
āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা:
- āĻ্ā§°াāĻŽ্āϝ-āĻāĻšā§° āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি
- āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āĻŦাāĻŖিāĻ্āϝিāĻā§°āĻŖ
(c) Impact of new economic reforms on education.
Answer:
Post-1991 liberalization effects:
1. Privatization: Rise of private universities
2. Cost escalation: High fees exclude the poor
3. Quality standards: Implementation of global benchmarks
4. Technical education: Growth of ITIs and Polytechnics
Challenges:
- Rural-urban divide increases
- Commercialization of education
Post-1991 liberalization effects:
1. Privatization: Rise of private universities
2. Cost escalation: High fees exclude the poor
3. Quality standards: Implementation of global benchmarks
4. Technical education: Growth of ITIs and Polytechnics
Challenges:
- Rural-urban divide increases
- Commercialization of education
(āĻ) āĻļিāĻ্āώাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϝ়āύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻাāϞ āĻĻিāĻļ:
- MOOC (Coursera, SWAYAM) āĻāĻĻিā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻāύ্āϤঃā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻ্āĻাāύāϞাāĻ
- āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϝুāĻীāϝ়া āĻā§ąেāώāĻŖা
- āĻā§°্āĻŽāϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ্āϞোāĻŦেāϞ āĻĻāĻ্āώāϤা āĻŦিāĻাāĻļ
āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻĻিāĻļ:
- āĻĒāĻļ্āĻিāĻŽীāϝ়া āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ্ā§°āĻŽে āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻāĻāϞamba āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে
- Brain drain: āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻাāĻŦাāύ āĻাāϤ্ā§°-āĻাāϤ্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļāϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āĻāύ
āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ:
āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āĻā§°ু āĻোāϞāĻীāϝ় āĻĻিāĻļā§° āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦāϝ় āϏাāϧāύ
āĻাāϞ āĻĻিāĻļ:
- MOOC (Coursera, SWAYAM) āĻāĻĻিā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻāύ্āϤঃā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻ্āĻাāύāϞাāĻ
- āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϝুāĻীāϝ়া āĻā§ąেāώāĻŖা
- āĻā§°্āĻŽāϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ্āϞোāĻŦেāϞ āĻĻāĻ্āώāϤা āĻŦিāĻাāĻļ
āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻĻিāĻļ:
- āĻĒāĻļ্āĻিāĻŽীāϝ়া āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ্ā§°āĻŽে āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻāĻāϞamba āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে
- Brain drain: āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻাāĻŦাāύ āĻাāϤ্ā§°-āĻাāϤ্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļāϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āĻāύ
āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ:
āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āĻā§°ু āĻোāϞāĻীāϝ় āĻĻিāĻļā§° āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦāϝ় āϏাāϧāύ
(d) Impact of globalization on education.
Answer:
Positive:
- Global access to knowledge via online platforms (e.g., MOOCs)
- Collaborative research with foreign universities
- Development of globally relevant skills
Negative:
- Western curricula may undermine local cultural values
- Brain drain: Migration of talented students abroad
Solution:
Balance local and global educational needs
Positive:
- Global access to knowledge via online platforms (e.g., MOOCs)
- Collaborative research with foreign universities
- Development of globally relevant skills
Negative:
- Western curricula may undermine local cultural values
- Brain drain: Migration of talented students abroad
Solution:
Balance local and global educational needs
(āĻ) āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻā§°ু āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিā§° āϧāύাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ āĻĻিāĻļ।
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিā§° āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ:
ā§§. āϏৃāώ্āĻিāĻļীāϞāϤা: āĻāϞা, āϏংāĻীāϤ, āύাāĻāĻā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ
⧍. āĻļৃংāĻāϞা: āϏāĻŽāϝ়াāύুāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤা āĻā§°ু āĻā§°্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāύিāώ্āĻ া
ā§Š. āϏাāĻŽূāĻšিāĻāϤা: āϏāĻāϞো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāϝ়ā§° āĻাāϤ্ā§°-āĻাāϤ্ā§°ীā§° āĻāĻāϤ্ā§°িāϤāĻā§°āĻŖ
āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ:
- āϏাংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻাā§°্āϝāϏূāĻীā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻāϤ্āĻŽāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি
- āĻেāϞ-āϧেāĻŽাāϞিā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻĻāϞāĻāϤ āĻাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŦিāĻাāĻļ
āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ:
āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°িāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāϤ্āĻŦ āĻŦিāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°ু āύাāĻā§°িāĻ āϏāĻেāϤāύāϤা
āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āϏংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিā§° āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ:
ā§§. āϏৃāώ্āĻিāĻļীāϞāϤা: āĻāϞা, āϏংāĻীāϤ, āύাāĻāĻā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ
⧍. āĻļৃংāĻāϞা: āϏāĻŽāϝ়াāύুāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤা āĻā§°ু āĻā§°্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāύিāώ্āĻ া
ā§Š. āϏাāĻŽূāĻšিāĻāϤা: āϏāĻāϞো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāϝ়ā§° āĻাāϤ্ā§°-āĻাāϤ্ā§°ীā§° āĻāĻāϤ্ā§°িāϤāĻā§°āĻŖ
āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ:
- āϏাংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিāĻ āĻাā§°্āϝāϏূāĻীā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻāϤ্āĻŽāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি
- āĻেāϞ-āϧেāĻŽাāϞিā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻĻāϞāĻāϤ āĻাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŦিāĻাāĻļ
āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ:
āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°িāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāϤ্āĻŦ āĻŦিāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°ু āύাāĻā§°িāĻ āϏāĻেāϤāύāϤা
(e) Positive aspects of school culture and education.
Answer:
Features of healthy school culture:
1. Creativity: Opportunities in arts, music, drama
2. Discipline: Punctuality and duty consciousness
3. Inclusivity: Integration of students from all communities
Examples:
- Cultural events build confidence
- Sports develop teamwork
Outcome:
Holistic personality development and civic awareness
Features of healthy school culture:
1. Creativity: Opportunities in arts, music, drama
2. Discipline: Punctuality and duty consciousness
3. Inclusivity: Integration of students from all communities
Examples:
- Cultural events build confidence
- Sports develop teamwork
Outcome:
Holistic personality development and civic awareness
ā§Ē. NILP āĻেāϤিāϝ়া āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ? āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻি? 1+4=5
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ: ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ž āĻāύāϤ ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা āĻŽিāĻāύ (NLM) āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে।
āĻāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ:
ā§§. āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤāĻŦāϝ়āϏ্āĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώা: ā§§ā§Ģ-ā§Šā§Ģ āĻŦāĻā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏীāϝ়াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা।
⧍. āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা: āύাā§°ী āϏāĻ্āώāĻŽāϤাā§° āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ⧰ে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻাā§°্āϝāϏূāĻী।
ā§Š. āĻĻāĻ্āώāϤা āĻŦিāĻাāĻļ: āĻেā§°িāϝ়াā§°-āĻিāϤ্āϤিāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻŖ (āϝেāύে: āϏূāĻিāĻā§°্āĻŽ)।
ā§Ē. āϏ্āĻĨাāϝ়ী āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা: āĻĒāĻĸ়া-āϞিāĻা āĻ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻšāϤ ā§°āĻাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ।
āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ: ā§ā§Ģ% āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা āĻšাā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻāύ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§§ āĻāύāϞৈ)
āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ: ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ž āĻāύāϤ ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°ীāϝ় āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা āĻŽিāĻāύ (NLM) āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে।
āĻāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ:
ā§§. āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤāĻŦāϝ়āϏ্āĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώা: ā§§ā§Ģ-ā§Šā§Ģ āĻŦāĻā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏীāϝ়াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা।
⧍. āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা: āύাā§°ী āϏāĻ্āώāĻŽāϤাā§° āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ⧰ে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻাā§°্āϝāϏূāĻী।
ā§Š. āĻĻāĻ্āώāϤা āĻŦিāĻাāĻļ: āĻেā§°িāϝ়াā§°-āĻিāϤ্āϤিāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻŖ (āϝেāύে: āϏূāĻিāĻā§°্āĻŽ)।
ā§Ē. āϏ্āĻĨাāϝ়ী āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা: āĻĒāĻĸ়া-āϞিāĻা āĻ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻšāϤ ā§°āĻাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ।
āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ: ā§ā§Ģ% āϏাāĻ্āώ⧰āϤা āĻšাā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻāύ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§§ āĻāύāϞৈ)
Answer:
Launched: In 1988 as the National Literacy Mission (NLM).
Components:
1. Adult Education: Basic literacy for ages 15-35.
2. Women's Literacy: Programs targeting female empowerment.
3. Skill Development: Vocational training (e.g., tailoring).
4. Continuing Education: Follow-up to sustain literacy.
Target: Achieve 75% literacy rate (by 2001)
Launched: In 1988 as the National Literacy Mission (NLM).
Components:
1. Adult Education: Basic literacy for ages 15-35.
2. Women's Literacy: Programs targeting female empowerment.
3. Skill Development: Vocational training (e.g., tailoring).
4. Continuing Education: Follow-up to sustain literacy.
Target: Achieve 75% literacy rate (by 2001)
ā§Ģ. āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ āĻ āϧিāĻাā§° āĻā§°ু āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ āύীāϤিā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻাā§°িāĻা āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ। 4
āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ:
- āĻ āϧিāĻাā§°: āϏāĻŽāϤাā§° āĻ āϧিāĻাā§° (āĻ āύু. ā§§ā§Ē)
- āύীāϤি: āĻā§°্āĻŽā§° āĻ āϧিāĻাā§° (āĻ āύু. ā§Ēā§§)
| āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ āĻ āϧিāĻাā§° | āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ āύীāϤি |
|---|---|
| āĻ āύুāĻ্āĻেāĻĻ ā§§ā§¨-ā§Šā§Ģ ā§° āĻ āϧীāύāϤ āĻĒā§°ে | āĻ āύুāĻ্āĻেāĻĻ ā§Šā§Ŧ-ā§Ģā§§ ā§° āĻ āϧীāύāϤ āĻĒā§°ে |
| āĻāĻĻাāϞāϤ⧰ āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি | āύ্āϝাāϝ়িāĻāĻাā§ąে āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§āϝোāĻ্āϝ āύāĻšāϝ় |
| āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§°āϤা ā§°āĻ্āώা āĻā§°ে | ā§°াāĻ্āϝিāĻ āĻāϞ্āϝাāĻŖā§° āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻিāϝ়ে |
| āύেāϤিāĻŦাāĻāĻ (ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°āĻ āĻšāϏ্āϤāĻ্āώেāĻĒā§° āĻĒā§°া āύিāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤ āĻā§°ে) | āϏāĻাā§°াāϤ্āĻŽāĻ (ā§°াāώ্āĻ্ā§°āĻ āĻাā§°্āϝ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻিāϝ়ে) |
- āĻ āϧিāĻাā§°: āϏāĻŽāϤাā§° āĻ āϧিāĻাā§° (āĻ āύু. ā§§ā§Ē)
- āύীāϤি: āĻā§°্āĻŽā§° āĻ āϧিāĻাā§° (āĻ āύু. ā§Ēā§§)
Answer:
Example:
- Right: Equality (Art. 14)
- Principle: Right to Work (Art. 41)
| Fundamental Rights | Directive Principles |
|---|---|
| Covered under Articles 12-35 | Covered under Articles 36-51 |
| Enforceable by courts | Not legally enforceable |
| Protect individual liberty | Guide state welfare policies |
| Negative (restrain state action) | Positive (direct state action) |
- Right: Equality (Art. 14)
- Principle: Right to Work (Art. 41)
6. āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻā§°ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ া āĻā§°া।
Establish the relationship between education and preamble. (5 Marks)
Establish the relationship between education and preamble. (5 Marks)
āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻā§°ু āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻāĻীā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻāĻে। āĻাā§°āϤীāϝ় āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাāĻ "āύ্āϝাāϝ়, āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা, āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻā§°ু āĻাāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ"ā§° āĻāĻĨা āĻāϝ়। āĻāĻ āϏāĻāϞো āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻŦিāĻাāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ়। āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻ āύ্āϝাāϝ় āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦ, āύিāĻā§° āĻā§°ু āĻāύ⧰ āĻ
āϧিāĻাā§° āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦ, āĻাāϤি-āϧ⧰্āĻŽ-āϞিংāĻ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻিāϤ্āϤিāϤ āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻŽাāύিāĻŦ āĻļিāĻাāϝ়।
Education builds the foundation to realize the objectives of the Preamble. It fosters justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity by making individuals socially and politically aware, thereby strengthening democracy.
Education builds the foundation to realize the objectives of the Preamble. It fosters justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity by making individuals socially and politically aware, thereby strengthening democracy.
7. āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤিāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻ āĻৌāĻļāϞ āĻŦিāĻাāĻļāϤ āĻেāύে āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻূāĻŽিāĻা āĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻā§°ে?
What is the role of vocational education in skill development? (4 Marks)
What is the role of vocational education in skill development? (4 Marks)
āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤিāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻšৈāĻে āϏেāĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώা āϝি āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§°্āĻĨীāĻ āĻোāύো āĻāĻা āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻĒেāĻাāϤ āύিāĻĒুāĻŖ āĻā§°ি āϤোāϞে। āĻāĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāĻ āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąāĻিāϤ্āϤিāĻ āĻ্āĻাāύ, āĻাā§°িāĻā§°ী āĻৌāĻļāϞ, āĻā§°ু āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়িāĻ āĻĒā§°িāĻāϞ্āĻĒāύাā§° āĻŦিāώā§ে āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻĻিā§ে। āĻ āĻāϤ্āĻŽ-āύিāϝুāĻ্āϤি āĻā§°ু āĻā§ā§° āĻĒāĻĨ āĻŽুāĻāϞি āĻā§°ে।
Vocational education develops occupation-specific skills among learners. It prepares them for practical jobs and self-employment by imparting technical training, fostering innovation, and creating skilled human resources.
Vocational education develops occupation-specific skills among learners. It prepares them for practical jobs and self-employment by imparting technical training, fostering innovation, and creating skilled human resources.
8. āĻ
āϏāĻŽীā§া āϏāĻŽাāĻā§° āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻŖāϤ āĻ
āϏāĻŽীā§া āϏংāĻীāϤ āĻā§°ু āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻূāĻŽিāĻা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻে āĻŦāĻšāϞাāĻ āϞিāĻা।
Elaborate the role of Assamese music and dance in enriching the Assamese society. (6 Marks)
Elaborate the role of Assamese music and dance in enriching the Assamese society. (6 Marks)
āĻ
āϏāĻŽীā§া āϏংāĻীāϤ āĻā§°ু āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āύিāĻāϏ্āĻŦ āĻāϤিāĻš্āϝ, āĻিāύ্āϤা-āĻেāϤāύা, āϏāĻŽাāĻ āĻীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĢāϞāύ āĻāĻাā§। āĻাāĻāύা, āύাāĻŽāĻোāώা, āĻŦিāĻšু āύৃāϤ্āϝ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻিā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āϏāĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻāĻāϤা, āĻাāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āĻā§°ু āϏাংāϏ্āĻৃāϤিāĻ āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦā§ āĻā§ি āϤোāϞে। āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āύৈāϤিāĻāϤা, āĻļৃংāĻāϞা āĻā§°ু āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻŦোāϧ⧰ āĻŦিāĻাāĻļ āĻāĻে।
Assamese music and dance reflect the culture and ethos of the society. Folk forms like Bihu, Ojapali, and Sattriya have preserved traditions and strengthened unity and identity. These art forms cultivate discipline, aesthetics, and cultural harmony.
Assamese music and dance reflect the culture and ethos of the society. Folk forms like Bihu, Ojapali, and Sattriya have preserved traditions and strengthened unity and identity. These art forms cultivate discipline, aesthetics, and cultural harmony.
9. āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻĒেāϞাāĻāĻে, āĻāϞোāĻāύা āĻā§°া।
Discuss how media impacts the education system. (7 Marks)
Discuss how media impacts the education system. (7 Marks)
āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ āϝেāύে āĻেāϞিāĻিāĻāύ, ā§°েāĻĄিāĻ
', āĻŦাāϤ⧰ি āĻাāĻāϤ, āĻāĻŖ্āĻাā§°āύেāĻ āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻāĻ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻূāĻŽিāĻা āĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻে। āĻ
āύāϞাāĻāύ āĻ্āϞাāĻ, āĻĄিāĻিāĻেāϞ āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻĒুāĻĨি, āĻিāĻĄিāĻ
' āϞেāĻāĻাā§°, āĻ-āϞাāĻāĻŦ্āϰেā§°ী āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻļিāĻ্āώাā§° āύāϤুāύ āĻĻিāĻļ āĻāύ্āĻŽোāĻāύ āĻā§°িāĻে।
The media has revolutionized the education sector by introducing digital learning platforms, video lectures, and e-resources. It enhances access, creates engagement, spreads awareness, and makes learning more interactive and inclusive.
The media has revolutionized the education sector by introducing digital learning platforms, video lectures, and e-resources. It enhances access, creates engagement, spreads awareness, and makes learning more interactive and inclusive.
10. āĻ
āϏāĻŽā§° āϏāĻŽাāĻ āϏংāϏ্āĻাā§°ā§° āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻļংāĻā§°āĻĻেā§ą āĻā§°ু āĻŽাāĻ§ā§ąāĻĻেā§ąā§° āĻূāĻŽিāĻাā§° āĻāĻ āϏাāĻĻৃāĻļ্āϝāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻোāĻা āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤ āĻā§°া।
Prepare a note on the similarities of the role of Mahapursha Srimanta Sankardev and Madhavdev in social reform in Assam. (6 Marks)
Prepare a note on the similarities of the role of Mahapursha Srimanta Sankardev and Madhavdev in social reform in Assam. (6 Marks)
āĻļংāĻā§°āĻĻেā§ą āĻā§°ু āĻŽাāĻ§ā§ąāĻĻেā§ą āĻĻুā§ো āĻāĻāύ āϏāĻŽাāĻ āϏংāϏ্āĻাā§°āĻ āĻāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻ āĻāĻāϤিāϏংāĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāϝ়ā§° āĻā§°িāϝ়āϤে āĻাāϤি-āϧ⧰্āĻŽ-āĻেāĻĻ āύোāĻšোā§ąা āϏāĻŽাāĻ āĻāĻ āύ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻĻুā§োāϝ়ে āĻāĻেāĻļ্āĻŦā§°āĻŦাāĻĻ, āĻŦৈāώ্āĻŖā§ą āϧ⧰্āĻŽ, āĻā§°ু āύাāĻŽāĻোāώাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§° āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āĻā§°ু āϏংāĻীāϤেāĻ āϏāĻŽাāĻāĻ āĻাāĻ্ā§°āϤ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
Both Srimanta Sankardev and Madhavdev played key roles in reforming Assamese society through Neo-Vaishnavism. They promoted monotheism, social equality, and cultural enrichment through bhakti movement, art, and literature.
Both Srimanta Sankardev and Madhavdev played key roles in reforming Assamese society through Neo-Vaishnavism. They promoted monotheism, social equality, and cultural enrichment through bhakti movement, art, and literature.