Wednesday, June 18, 2025

D.El.Ed 2024 Solve Paper S2.1 (Education in Contemporary Indian Society) SCERT, Assam

D.El.Ed 2nd Semester 2024 - Education in Contemporary Indian Society | Solved Paper

Diploma in Elementary Education (D.El.Ed) - 2nd Semester 2024

Paper S2.1: Education in Contemporary Indian Society

ā§§. āϚāĻŽু āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āϞিāĻ–া (Write short answers) 1×8=8

(āĻ•) āĻ­োā§°āϤাāϞ āύৃāϤ্āϝ āĻ•োāύে āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻ­োā§°āϤাāϞ āύৃāϤ্āϝ āύাā§°াāĻšā§°ী āĻŦুāĻĸ়া āĻ­āĻ•āϤে ⧧⧝āĻļ āĻļāϤিāĻ•াā§° āĻŽাāϜāĻ­াāĻ—āϤ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻāχ āύৃāϤ্āϝ āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻļাāϏ্āϤ্ā§°ীāϝ় āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻāĻ• āĻ—āϤিāĻļীāϞ ā§°ূāĻĒ, āϝ'āϤ āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤ āϞāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻšাāϤ⧰ āĻŽুāĻĻ্ā§°াā§°ে āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।

(a) Who developed Bhortal Nritya?

Answer: Bhortal Nritya was developed by Narahari Burha Bhakat in the mid-19th century. It is a dynamic classical dance form of Assam, characterized by fast rhythms and intricate hand movements.

(āĻ–) āφāϧুāύিāĻ•ীāϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻāϟা āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϝুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°। āφāϧুāύিāĻ•ীāϕ⧰āĻŖে āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°াāĻ—āϤ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤে āĻŦৈāϜ্āĻžাāύিāĻ• āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ­ংāĻ—ী āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰ে।

(b) Mention one characteristic of modernization.

Answer: Extensive use of science and technology. Modernization replaces traditional methods with scientific approaches in societal development.

(āĻ—) āχāώ্āϟ āχāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϝ়া āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύীāϝ়ে āĻ…āϏāĻŽ āĻļাāϏāύ āϕ⧰া āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ–āύ⧰ āύাāĻŽ āϞিāĻ–া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āχāϝ়াāĻŖ্āĻĄাāĻŦু āϚুāĻ•্āϤি (ā§§ā§Žā§¨ā§Ŧ)। āχংā§°াāϜ āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻšোā§ąা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āχংā§°াāϜ-āĻŽাāύ āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ⧰ āĻ…āύ্āϤāϤ āĻāχ āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ•্āώ⧰িāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ।

(c) Name the treaty through which British East India Company ruled over Assam.

Answer: Treaty of Yandabo (1826), signed after the First Anglo-Burmese War, granting the British control over Assam.

(āϘ) āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাā§° āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ­াā§°āϤীāϝ় āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφāϝ়োāĻ—ā§° āύাāĻŽ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻšাāĻŖ্āϟাā§° āφāϝ়োāĻ— (ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§¨)। āϚাā§° āωāχāϞিāϝ়াāĻŽ āĻšাāĻŖ্āϟাā§°ā§° āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦāϤ āĻāχ āφāϝ়োāĻ—ে āĻ­াā§°āϤ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽিāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āωāύ্āύāϝ়āύ⧰ āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ।

(d) Mention the first Indian Commission in pre-independent India.

Answer: Hunter Commission (1882), chaired by Sir William Hunter, recommended reforms for primary and secondary education in India.

(āĻ™) āĻ—ুā§°ুāĻ•ুāϞāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ— āϕ⧰া āĻāϟা āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āύাāĻŽ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻŽৌāĻ–িāĻ• āĻĒুāύ⧰াāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি (Oral Recitation)। āĻŦেāĻĻ āφ⧰ু āωāĻĒāύিāώāĻĻ āĻŽুāĻ–āϏ্āĻĨ āϕ⧰োā§ąাā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āϜ্āĻžাāύ āϏāĻž্āϚাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ।

(e) Mention one teaching method followed in the Gurukulas in ancient India.

Answer: Oral Recitation (Shruti-Smriti), where scriptures like Vedas were memorized through repetitive chanting.

(āϚ) RMSA ā§° āĻāϟা āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽিāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āϏুāĻŦিāϧাā§° āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āĻŦিāϏ্āϤাā§°। āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ•ৈ āĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽ্āϝ āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ• āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞāϤ āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰া।

(f) Mention one objective of RMSA.

Answer: Universalize access to secondary education, especially in rural and marginalized areas by establishing new schools.

(āĻ›) āĻ­াā§°āϤীāϝ় āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ⧰ āĻ•োāύāϟো āĻ…āύুāϚ্āĻ›েāĻĻāϤ āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়া āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻ…āύুāϚ্āĻ›েāĻĻ ā§Šā§Ŧā§Ž। āϏংāϏāĻĻে āχāϝ়াā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ āϏংāĻļোāϧāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

(g) Mention the Article for amendment procedure in the Indian Constitution.

Answer: Article 368, which empowers Parliament to amend the Constitution.

(āϜ) āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύীāϤিā§° āĻāϟা āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻ•ৃāώি āφ⧰ু āϚাāĻš āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϧাāύ্āϝ। āĻ…āϏāĻŽ āĻ­াā§°āϤ⧰ āĻŽুāĻ  āϚাāĻš āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύ⧰ ā§Ģā§Ļ%ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϜāĻ—ā§°ীāϝ়া।

(h) Mention one characteristic of Assam's economy.

Answer: Dependence on agriculture and tea production, with Assam contributing 50% of India's total tea output.

⧍. āϚāĻŽু āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻি⧟া (Answer in brief) 2×5=10

(āĻ•) āϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ী āφ⧰ু āĻŦেāϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĻুāϟা āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:
ā§§. āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨā§° āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ: āϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟ ā§°াāϜ্āϝিāĻ• āĻŦাāϜেāϟ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻĒোā§ąা āϧāύেā§°ে āϚāϞে, āφāύāĻšাāϤে āĻŦেāϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻĢি āφ⧰ু āĻŦেāϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ী āĻ…āύুāĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āύিā§°্āĻ­ā§°āĻļীāϞ।
⧍. āĻļৈāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āĻŽাāύ: āĻŦেāϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟ে āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে āωāύ্āύāϤ āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ āφ⧰ু āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰ে, āϝেāύে āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাā§° āϞেāĻŦ, āϝিāϟো āϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟āϤ āϏীāĻŽিāϤ।

(a) Two differences between public and private schools.

Answer:
1. Funding: Govt schools rely on state budgets; private schools depend on student fees and private grants.
2. Educational Quality: Private schools often offer advanced curricula (e.g., smart classes) lacking in many govt schools.

(āĻ–) āĻ­াā§°āϤ⧰ āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻ—āĻ āύ⧰ āĻĻিāĻļāϏāĻŽূāĻš।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:
- āϜাāϤি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা: āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻŦ্ā§°াāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ, āĻ•্āώāϤ্ā§°িāϝ় āφāĻĻি āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻŦিāĻ­াāϜāύ।
- āϧ⧰্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্ā§°্āϝ: āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু, āĻŽুāĻ›āϞāĻŽাāύ, āĻļিāĻ–, āĻ–্ā§°ীāώ্āϟাāύ āφāĻĻিā§° āϏāĻšাāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ।
- āĻ­াāώিāĻ• āĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্ā§°্āϝ: ⧍⧍ āϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ী āĻ­াāώা āφ⧰ু ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§ĻāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻ•āĻĨ্āϝ āĻ­াāώা।

(b) Aspects of India's social structure.

Answer:
- Caste System: Hierarchical divisions like Brahmins, Kshatriyas.
- Religious Pluralism: Coexistence of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, etc.
- Linguistic Diversity: 22 official languages and over 1000 dialects.

(āĻ—) āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύীāϤিāϤ āĻŦāύāϜ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻā§° āĻ…ā§ąāĻĻাāύ।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻŦāύāϜ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻে āĻ…āϏāĻŽāĻ• āĻ•াāĻ , āĻŦাঁāĻš, āĻŽৌ, āĻ”āώāϧী āĻ—āĻ›-āĻ—āĻ›āύি āφāĻĻি āϝোāĻ—াāύ āϧ⧰ে। āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖāϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে:
- āĻ•াঁāĻšাā§°ি āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāϤ āĻŦাঁāĻšā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°ে āĻšাāϜাā§°ো āϞোāĻ•āĻ• āϜীā§ąিāĻ•া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰ে
- ā§°াāϜ্āϝিāĻ• GDPā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ā§Š% āĻ…ā§ąāĻĻাāύ
- āĻĒā§°্āϝāϟāύ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāĻ• āϏāĻšাāϝ় āϕ⧰ে (āϝেāύে: āĻ•াāϜিā§°āĻ™া ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ীāϝ় āωāĻĻ্āϝাāύ)

(c) Contribution of forest resources to Assam's economy.

Answer:
Forest resources provide:
- Timber, bamboo, honey, and medicinal plants
- Employment in bamboo-based industries (e.g., handicrafts)
- Contributes ~3% to state GDP
- Supports tourism (e.g., Kaziranga National Park)

(āϘ) āĻ­াā§°āϤীāϝ় āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϤ āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ—ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āχāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ•:
- āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āĻ…ংāĻļীāĻĻাā§°িāϤ্āĻŦā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āωāϚ্āϚāĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŽাāύ āωāύ্āύāϝ়āύ
- āύāϤুāύ āĻ•াā§°িāϕ⧰ী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ
āύেāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ•:
- āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝিāϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻĻুāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϝ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে
- āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą

(d) Impact of FDI on Indian education.

Answer:
Positive:
- Enhances higher education quality through global partnerships
- Establishes new technical training centers
Negative:
- Commercialization may exclude economically weak students
- Cultural influences on local traditions

(āĻ™) āϜোāύাāĻ•ী āϝুāĻ—ā§° āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āϜোāύাāĻ•ী (ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§¯-ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Ž) āφāϞোāϚāύীā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ⧰ āϏূāϚāύা āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āĻŽূāϞ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ:
- āϞāĻ•্āώ্āĻŽীāύাāĻĨ āĻŦেāϜāĻŦā§°ুā§ąা, āĻšেāĻŽāϚāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āĻ—োāϏ্āĻŦাāĻŽী āφāĻĻি āϞেāĻ–āĻ•
- ā§°োāĻŽাāĻŖ্āϟিāĻ• āĻ•āĻŦিāϤা āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦāύ্āϧ⧰ āĻĒুāύ⧰ুāϜ্āϜীā§ąāύ
- āĻĒাāĻļ্āϚাāϤ্āϝ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą
- āϜাāϤীāϝ়āϤাāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻ­াā§ąāϧাā§°া

(e) Jonaki Age of Assamese literature.

Answer:
The Jonaki magazine (1889-1898) pioneered modern Assamese literature. Key features:
- Writers: Lakshminath Bezbaroa, Hemchandra Goswami
- Revival through romantic poetry and essays
- Influence of Western literature
- Nationalistic ideologies

ā§Š. āϚāĻŽুāϟোāĻ•া āϞিāĻ–া (Write short notes) 3×5=15

(āĻ•) āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ• āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώা।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻĒ্ā§°াāύ্āϤিāĻ• āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖী (SC/ST/OBC)ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ— āϏীāĻŽিāϤ। āϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ে āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি, āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় (Open Schools), āφ⧰ু ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφঁāϚāύিā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āϏাāĻ•্āώ⧰āϤাā§° āĻšাā§° āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে। āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āĻ…āύুāϏূāϚীāϤ āϜাāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে ā§§ā§Ģ% āφāϏāύ āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ।

āφঁāϚāύি:
- ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ীāϝ় āϏাāĻ•্āώ⧰āϤা āĻŽিāĻ›āύ
- āĻŽāϧ্āϝāĻŽাāĻšুā§°া āϏ্āĻ•ীāĻŽ
- ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻŽাāĻĻ্ā§°াāĻ›া āφঁāϚāύি

āĻ†ā§ąāĻļ্āϝāĻ•āϤা:
- āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āύ্āϝাāϝ় āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ া
- āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻ¸ā§ąāϞীāϕ⧰āĻŖ
- ā§°াāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি

(a) Education for marginalized sections.

Answer:
Marginalized groups face barriers like poverty and discrimination. Govt schemes (e.g., scholarships, RTE Act) aim to improve access. Example: 15% seat reservation for SC students in schools.

Schemes:
- National Literacy Mission
- Mid-Day Meal Scheme
- National Madrasa Programme

Needs:
- Establish social justice
- Economic empowerment
- Enhance political participation

(āĻ–) āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িāĻŦā§°্āϤāύ āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāχ āϏāĻŽাāϜāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤ āϕ⧰ে:
- āĻŽāĻšিāϞাā§° āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ•্āώ⧰āϤাāχ āϞিংāĻ— āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰ে
- āĻŦৈāϜ্āĻžাāύিāĻ• āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ­ংāĻ—ীāϝ়ে āĻ•ুāϏংāϏ্āĻ•াā§° āĻĻূā§° āϕ⧰ে

āϏāĻŽাāϜে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤ āϕ⧰ে:
- āĻĄিāϜিāϟেāϞ āĻ­োāϟāĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒিāωāϟাā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ†ā§ąāĻļ্āϝāĻ•
- āĻŦāĻšুāĻ­াāώিāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϜে āĻŦāĻšুāĻ­াāώিāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŖাāϞীā§° demand āϕ⧰ে

āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ:
Kothari Commission (1964-66)ā§° āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļāχ āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦā§°্āϤāύ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āϏংāϏ্āĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ

(b) Relationship between social change and education.

Answer:
Education influences society:
- Female literacy promotes gender equality
- Scientific temper eliminates superstitions

Society influences education:
- Digital voting requires computer literacy
- Multilingual societies need multilingual education systems

Example:
Kothari Commission (1964-66) recommendations reformed education to align with social changes

(āĻ—) āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϤ āύāϤুāύ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āϏংāϏ্āĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:
⧧⧝⧝⧧⧰ āωāĻĻাā§°ীāϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą:
ā§§. āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤāϕ⧰āĻŖ: āĻŦেāĻ›ি āĻŦেāϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ী āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ
⧍. āĻŦ্āϝāϝ় āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি: āωāϚ্āϚ āĻ–ā§°āϚে āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŦāĻž্āϚিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে
ā§Š. āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻ—āϤ āĻŽাāύ: āφāύ্āϤঃā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ীāϝ় āĻŽাāύāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ—
ā§Ē. āĻ•াā§°িāϕ⧰ী āĻļিāĻ•্āώা: ITI, āĻĒāϞিāϟেāĻ•āύিāϕ⧰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি

āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা:
- āĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽ্āϝ-āϚāĻšā§° āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি
- āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝিāϕ⧰āĻŖ

(c) Impact of new economic reforms on education.

Answer:
Post-1991 liberalization effects:
1. Privatization: Rise of private universities
2. Cost escalation: High fees exclude the poor
3. Quality standards: Implementation of global benchmarks
4. Technical education: Growth of ITIs and Polytechnics

Challenges:
- Rural-urban divide increases
- Commercialization of education

(āϘ) āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϝ়āύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻ­াāϞ āĻĻিāĻļ:
- MOOC (Coursera, SWAYAM) āφāĻĻিā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āφāύ্āϤঃā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ীāϝ় āϜ্āĻžাāύāϞাāĻ­
- āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϝুāϟীāϝ়া āĻ—ā§ąেāώāĻŖা
- āϕ⧰্āĻŽāϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ—্āϞোāĻŦেāϞ āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ

āĻŦেāϝ়া āĻĻিāĻļ:
- āĻĒāĻļ্āϚিāĻŽীāϝ়া āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽে āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āφāĻ“āϞamba āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে
- Brain drain: āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻ­াāĻŦাāύ āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ী āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļāϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦ্ā§°āϜāύ

āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ:
āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻ—োāϞāĻ•ীāϝ় āĻĻিāĻļā§° āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦāϝ় āϏাāϧāύ

(d) Impact of globalization on education.

Answer:
Positive:
- Global access to knowledge via online platforms (e.g., MOOCs)
- Collaborative research with foreign universities
- Development of globally relevant skills

Negative:
- Western curricula may undermine local cultural values
- Brain drain: Migration of talented students abroad

Solution:
Balance local and global educational needs

(āĻ™) āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āϧāύাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āĻĻিāĻļ।

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ:
ā§§. āϏৃāώ্āϟিāĻļীāϞāϤা: āĻ•āϞা, āϏংāĻ—ীāϤ, āύাāϟāϕ⧰ āϏুāϝোāĻ—
⧍. āĻļৃংāĻ–āϞা: āϏāĻŽāϝ়াāύুāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤা āφ⧰ু āϕ⧰্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāύিāώ্āĻ া
ā§Š. āϏাāĻŽূāĻšিāĻ•āϤা: āϏāĻ•āϞো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāϝ়ā§° āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ীā§° āĻāĻ•āϤ্ā§°িāϤāϕ⧰āĻŖ

āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ:
- āϏাংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻ•াā§°্āϝāϏূāϚীā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি
- āĻ–েāϞ-āϧেāĻŽাāϞিā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āĻĻāϞāĻ—āϤ āĻ­াā§ąāύাā§° āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ

āĻĢāϞাāĻĢāϞ:
āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°িāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϤ্āĻŦ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āφ⧰ু āύাāĻ—ā§°িāĻ• āϏāϚেāϤāύāϤা

(e) Positive aspects of school culture and education.

Answer:
Features of healthy school culture:
1. Creativity: Opportunities in arts, music, drama
2. Discipline: Punctuality and duty consciousness
3. Inclusivity: Integration of students from all communities

Examples:
- Cultural events build confidence
- Sports develop teamwork

Outcome:
Holistic personality development and civic awareness

ā§Ē. NILP āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ? āχāϝ়াā§° āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻ•ি? 1+4=5

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­: ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ž āϚāύāϤ ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ীāϝ় āϏাāĻ•্āώ⧰āϤা āĻŽিāĻ›āύ (NLM) āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে।

āωāĻĒাāĻĻাāύ:
ā§§. āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤāĻŦāϝ়āϏ্āĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώা: ā§§ā§Ģ-ā§Šā§Ģ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦāϝ়āϏীāϝ়াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āϏাāĻ•্āώ⧰āϤা।
⧍. āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āϏাāĻ•্āώ⧰āϤা: āύাā§°ী āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤাā§° āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ⧰ে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•াā§°্āϝāϏূāϚী।
ā§Š. āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ: āĻ•েā§°িāϝ়াā§°-āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ (āϝেāύে: āϏূāϚিāϕ⧰্āĻŽ)।
ā§Ē. āϏ্āĻĨাāϝ়ী āϏাāĻ•্āώ⧰āϤা: āĻĒāĻĸ়া-āϞিāĻ–া āĻ…āĻŦ্āϝাāĻšāϤ ā§°āĻ–াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ।

āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ: ā§­ā§Ģ% āϏাāĻ•্āώ⧰āϤা āĻšাā§° āĻ…ā§°্āϜāύ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§§ āϚāύāϞৈ)
Answer:
Launched: In 1988 as the National Literacy Mission (NLM).

Components:
1. Adult Education: Basic literacy for ages 15-35.
2. Women's Literacy: Programs targeting female empowerment.
3. Skill Development: Vocational training (e.g., tailoring).
4. Continuing Education: Follow-up to sustain literacy.

Target: Achieve 75% literacy rate (by 2001)

ā§Ģ. āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āφ⧰ু āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āύীāϤিā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϚাā§°িāϟা āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ। 4

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:
āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āύীāϤি
āĻ…āύুāϚ্āĻ›েāĻĻ ā§§ā§¨-ā§Šā§Ģ ā§° āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āĻĒā§°ে āĻ…āύুāϚ্āĻ›েāĻĻ ā§Šā§Ŧ-ā§Ģā§§ ā§° āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āĻĒā§°ে
āφāĻĻাāϞāϤ⧰ āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§Ž āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি āύ্āϝাāϝ়িāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§ŽāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āύāĻšāϝ়
āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϏ্āĻŦāϤāύ্āϤ্ā§°āϤা ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰ে ā§°াāϜ্āϝিāĻ• āĻ•āϞ্āϝাāĻŖā§° āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻিāϝ়ে
āύেāϤিāĻŦাāϚāĻ• (ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°āĻ• āĻšāϏ্āϤāĻ•্āώেāĻĒā§° āĻĒā§°া āύিāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤ āϕ⧰ে) āϏāĻ•াā§°াāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• (ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°āĻ• āĻ•াā§°্āϝ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻিāϝ়ে)
āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ:
- āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°: āϏāĻŽāϤাā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° (āĻ…āύু. ā§§ā§Ē)
- āύীāϤি: āϕ⧰্āĻŽā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° (āĻ…āύু. ā§Ēā§§)
Answer:
Fundamental Rights Directive Principles
Covered under Articles 12-35 Covered under Articles 36-51
Enforceable by courts Not legally enforceable
Protect individual liberty Guide state welfare policies
Negative (restrain state action) Positive (direct state action)
Example:
- Right: Equality (Art. 14)
- Principle: Right to Work (Art. 41)
6. āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ া āϕ⧰া।
Establish the relationship between education and preamble. (5 Marks)
āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻ—āĻ­ীā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ āφāĻ›ে। āĻ­াā§°āϤীāϝ় āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাāχ "āύ্āϝাāϝ়, āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা, āϏāĻŽāϤা āφ⧰ু āĻ­াāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ"ā§° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ•āϝ়। āĻāχ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ়। āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻ• āύ্āϝাāϝ় āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦ, āύিāϜ⧰ āφ⧰ু āφāύ⧰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦ, āϜাāϤি-āϧ⧰্āĻŽ-āϞিংāĻ— āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāϤ āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻŽাāύিāĻŦ āĻļিāĻ•াāϝ়।
Education builds the foundation to realize the objectives of the Preamble. It fosters justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity by making individuals socially and politically aware, thereby strengthening democracy.
7. āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤিāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāχ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļāϤ āĻ•েāύে āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰ে?
What is the role of vocational education in skill development? (4 Marks)
āĻŦৃāϤ্āϤিāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏেāχ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϝি āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীāĻ• āĻ•োāύো āĻāϟা āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻĒেāϚাāϤ āύিāĻĒুāĻŖ āϕ⧰ি āϤোāϞে। āĻāχ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāχ āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąāĻ­িāϤ্āϤিāĻ• āϜ্āĻžাāύ, āĻ•াā§°িāϕ⧰ী āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ, āφ⧰ু āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়িāĻ• āĻĒā§°িāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύাā§° āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻĻি⧟ে। āχ āφāϤ্āĻŽ-āύিāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āφ⧰ু āĻ†ā§Ÿā§° āĻĒāĻĨ āĻŽুāĻ•āϞি āϕ⧰ে।
Vocational education develops occupation-specific skills among learners. It prepares them for practical jobs and self-employment by imparting technical training, fostering innovation, and creating skilled human resources.
8. āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟া āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āωāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻŖāϤ āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟া āϏংāĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻŦāĻšāϞাāχ āϞিāĻ–া।
Elaborate the role of Assamese music and dance in enriching the Assamese society. (6 Marks)
āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟া āϏংāĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝ, āϚিāύ্āϤা-āϚেāϤāύা, āϏāĻŽাāϜ āϜীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĢāϞāύ āϘāϟা⧟। āĻ­াāĻ“āύা, āύাāĻŽāϘোāώা, āĻŦিāĻšু āύৃāϤ্āϝ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻিā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻāĻ•āϤা, āĻ­াāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āφ⧰ু āϏাংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦ⧟ āĻ—ā§ি āϤোāϞে। āχāϝ়াā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āύৈāϤিāĻ•āϤা, āĻļৃংāĻ–āϞা āφ⧰ু āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒ āĻŦোāϧ⧰ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āϘāϟে।
Assamese music and dance reflect the culture and ethos of the society. Folk forms like Bihu, Ojapali, and Sattriya have preserved traditions and strengthened unity and identity. These art forms cultivate discipline, aesthetics, and cultural harmony.
9. āĻĒ্ā§°āϚাā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻĒেāϞাāχāĻ›ে, āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।
Discuss how media impacts the education system. (7 Marks)
āĻĒ্ā§°āϚাā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ āϝেāύে āϟেāϞিāĻ­িāĻ›āύ, ā§°েāĻĄিāĻ…', āĻŦাāϤ⧰ি āĻ•াāĻ•āϤ, āχāĻŖ্āϟাā§°āύেāϟ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻিāϝ়ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻāĻ• āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āĻ…āύāϞাāχāύ āĻ•্āϞাāĻ›, āĻĄিāϜিāϟেāϞ āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻĒুāĻĨি, āĻ­িāĻĄিāĻ…' āϞেāĻ•āϚাā§°, āχ-āϞাāχāĻŦ্āϰেā§°ী āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āύāϤুāύ āĻĻিāĻļ āωāύ্āĻŽোāϚāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।
The media has revolutionized the education sector by introducing digital learning platforms, video lectures, and e-resources. It enhances access, creates engagement, spreads awareness, and makes learning more interactive and inclusive.
10. āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϏāĻŽাāϜ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ą āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāĻ§ā§ąāĻĻেā§ąā§° āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•াā§° āĻāĻ• āϏাāĻĻৃāĻļ্āϝāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āϟোāĻ•া āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤ āϕ⧰া।
Prepare a note on the similarities of the role of Mahapursha Srimanta Sankardev and Madhavdev in social reform in Assam. (6 Marks)
āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ą āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāĻ§ā§ąāĻĻেā§ą āĻĻু⧟ো āĻāϜāύ āϏāĻŽাāϜ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āĻ­āĻ•āϤিāϏংāĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāϝ়ā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āϜাāϤি-āϧ⧰্āĻŽ-āĻ­েāĻĻ āύোāĻšোā§ąা āϏāĻŽাāϜ āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϚেāώ্āϟা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻĻু⧟োāϝ়ে āĻāĻ•েāĻļ্āĻŦā§°āĻŦাāĻĻ, āĻŦৈāώ্āĻŖā§ą āϧ⧰্āĻŽ, āφ⧰ু āύাāĻŽāϘোāώাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϚাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āφ⧰ু āϏংāĻ—ীāϤেāĻ“ āϏāĻŽাāϜāĻ• āϜাāĻ—্ā§°āϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।
Both Srimanta Sankardev and Madhavdev played key roles in reforming Assamese society through Neo-Vaishnavism. They promoted monotheism, social equality, and cultural enrichment through bhakti movement, art, and literature.