Tuesday, November 12, 2024

D.El.Ed S2.1 question paper with answer (Education in Contemporary Indian Society with Special Reference to Assam), 2023










1. āϤāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āϞিāĻ–া- Answer the following questions- 1x10=10

(a) āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦা⧟āύ⧰ āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻĻি⧟া। (Define Globalisation.)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦা⧟āύ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী, āĻ­াāĻŦāϧাā§°া, āφ⧰ু āϏেā§ąাāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻŦিāύিāĻŽā§Ÿā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āφāύ্āϤঃā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ী⧟ āϏংāϝোāĻ— āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•্ā§°ি⧟া। (Globalisation is the process of establishing international connections through the exchange of goods, ideas, and services.)

(b) āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•্ āĻŦৈāώ্āĻŖāĻŦ āϝুāĻ—ā§° āĻāϜāύ āĻ•āĻŦিā§° āύাāĻŽ āϞিāĻ–া। (Write the name of one poet of the pre-vaishnavite era.)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻšেāĻŽ āϏ⧰āϏ্āĻŦāϤী। (Hem Saraswati)

(c) āĻ…āϏāĻŽ āϚাāĻš āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύী āĻ•োāύ āϚāύāϤ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ? (In which year was the Assam Tea Company established?)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: 1839 āϚāύāϤ। (In 1839)

(d) āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤা āĻŽাāύে āĻ•ি? (What is the meaning of poverty?)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤা āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻāϟি āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āϝ’āϤ āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŽাāϤ্ā§°াāϧিāĻ• āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āĻĒ্⧰⧟োāϜāύী⧟āϤা āĻĒূā§°āĻŖā§° āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা āύাāχ। (Poverty is a state where people lack the means to meet basic necessities.)

(e) ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ā§° āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻĻি⧟া। (Define state.)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§° āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāϟি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļাāϏāύিāĻ• āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āϞāĻ—āϤে āϜāύāϏāĻŽāώ্āϟিā§° āĻāϟি āϏāϜাāĻ— āφ⧰ু āϏ্āĻĨা⧟ী āϏংāĻ—āĻ āύ। (A state is a permanent and organized administrative institution within a defined territory.)

(f) āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻāĻ–āύ āϤৈāϞāĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°ā§° āύাāĻŽ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া।(Name one oilfield in Assam.)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻĄিāĻ—āĻŦৈ āϤৈāϞāĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°। (Digboi Oilfield)

(g) 'āϞিāĻŦাā§°' āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟো āĻ•োāύāϟো āĻ­াāώাā§° āĻĒā§°া āϞোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻ›ে? 'Liber' has its origin in which language?

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āϞেāϟিāύ āĻ­াāώাā§° āĻĒā§°া। (Latin)

(h) āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻ•ি? (What is social change?)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϧাā§°āĻŖা, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ, āφ⧰ু āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ­āĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āĻŦা āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ। (Social change is the development or transformation in the beliefs, ideas, and attitudes within a society.)

(i) āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύীāϤিā§° āĻāϟা āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āϞিāĻ–া। 
Write one characteristic of Economy of Assam.

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻ•ৃāώি āφāϧাā§°িāϤ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύীāϤি। (Agriculture-based economy.)

(j) 'āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟া āϞ'ā§°াā§° āĻŽিāϤ্āϰ' āĻ—্ā§°āύ্āĻĨāĻ–āύ⧰ ā§°āϚāĻ• āĻ•োāύ?  (Who is the writer of the book 'Asomiya Lorar Mitro'?)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āϞāĻ•্āώ্āĻŽীāύাāĻĨ āĻŦেāϜāĻŦā§°ুā§ąা। (Lakshminath Bezbaruah)

2. āϚāĻŽুāϟোāĻ•া āϞিāĻ–া- (āϝিāĻ•োāύো āϤিāύিāϟা) 
Write short notes-(any three) 3×3=9

(a) āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āφāχāύ,⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧝ (Right to Education Act, 2009)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āφāχāύ, ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧝ (RTE Act) āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ­াā§°āϤ⧰ āĻāĻ• āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφāχāύ, āϝি ā§Ŧ-ā§§ā§Ē āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦāϝ়āϏ⧰ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ীāϞৈ āĻŦিāύাāĻŽূāϞীāϝ়া āφ⧰ু āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϕ⧰ে। āĻāχ āφāχāύ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ļ āϚāύ⧰ ā§§ āĻāĻĒ্ā§°িāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻ•াā§°্āϝāϕ⧰ী āĻšāϝ়। āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻ—āϤ āĻŽাāύ āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻŽাāύāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ, āĻļিāĻ•্āώāϕ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ, āφ⧰ু CWSN (āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύ⧰ āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ী)ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āĻāχ āφāχāύে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄāϤ āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ āĻĻূā§° āϕ⧰ি āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ীā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώিāϤ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। (The Right to Education Act, 2009 (RTE Act), is a significant education law in India that ensures the right to free and compulsory elementary education for all children aged 6-14 years. This Act came into effect on April 1, 2010. Under its provisions, standards have been set for schools to ensure the quality of elementary education, teacher training, and facilities for CWSN (Children with Special Needs). This Act plays a vital role in protecting students' rights by reducing inequality in the education sector.)

(b) āĻļাāύ্āϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা (Education for peace)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻļাāύ্āϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা (Education for Peace) āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āĻāϟা āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ­ংāĻ—ী, āϝাā§° āĻŽূāϞ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻš’āϞ āĻļাāύ্āϤি, āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°ীāϤি āφ⧰ু āϏāĻšাā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāύ⧰ āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ•āϤা āĻ—āĻĸ় āĻĻিāϝ়া। āĻāχ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽেā§°ে āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ীāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āϏāĻšāύāĻļীāϞāϤা, āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤা, āφ⧰ু āĻ…āĻšিংāϏা āĻļিāĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়। āχ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ, āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āφāύ্āϤঃā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ীāϝ় āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°ীāϤি āϏৃāώ্āϟিāϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ়āĻ•। āĻļাāύ্āϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāχ āϏংāϘাāϤ āĻĒā§°িāϚাāϞāύা āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāύāĻŦাāϧিāĻ•াā§° āĻŦোāϧ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļā§° āĻĒāĻĨā§° āĻĒā§°া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ীāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻšিāϤ āϕ⧰ে, āϝাā§° āϜ⧰িāϝ়āϤে āĻāĻ• āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āφ⧰ু āĻļাāύ্āϤিāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ą āĻšāϝ়। (Education for Peace is an approach in the education sector aimed at fostering a mindset of peace, harmony, and coexistence. Through this form of education, students are taught tolerance, cooperation, and non-violence. It contributes to creating personal, social, and international harmony. Education for Peace encourages students to develop conflict management and an understanding of human rights, enabling them to achieve holistic growth, which in turn makes it possible to build a healthy and peaceful society.)


(c) āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύীāϤি (Economics of Education)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύীāϤি (Economics of Education) āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি, āϏāĻŽাāϜ āφ⧰ু ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻĻিāĻļāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻ…āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ। āχ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϕ⧰া āĻŦিāύিāϝ়োāĻ—, āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•িāϤ āĻ–ā§°āϚ āφ⧰ু āϞাāĻ­, āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āωāύ্āύāϝ়āύ āφ⧰ু āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύāĻļীāϞāϤা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āφāĻĻি āĻĒā§°্āϝাāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰ে। āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύীāϤিā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽেā§°ে āĻāϟা ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ā§° āωāύ্āύāϝ়āύāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āφ⧰ু āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āĻĒā§°্āϝাāϝ়āϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰া āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻ†ā§Ÿā§° āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āφ⧰ু āϜীāĻŦāύ⧰ āĻŽাāύোāύ্āύāϝ়āύ āĻŦুāϜা āϝাāϝ়।(The Economics of Education is the study of the economic aspects associated with education for an individual, society, and nation. It examines the investments made in education, the costs and benefits associated with it, and the resulting economic development and productivity growth. Through the Economics of Education, one can understand the role of education in the development of a nation and how education contributes to increasing personal income and improving quality of life at the individual level.)

(d) āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° ā§°াāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি (Political nature of education.)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° ā§°াāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি (Political Nature of Education) āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ ā§°াāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াāĻŦ āφ⧰ু āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ⧰ āĻ…āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ। āχ āĻŦুāϜাāχ āϝে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো, āφāĻĻā§°্āĻļ, āφ⧰ু āύীāϤি-āύিāϝ়āĻŽā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒā§°িāϚাāϞিāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ, āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ, āφ⧰ু āύীāϤি āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖāϤ ā§°াāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ী āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻāχ āĻĻিāĻļে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϝোā§°া āφ⧰ু āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āύ্āϝাāϝ়, āϏাāĻŽ্āϝāĻŦাāĻĻ, āφ⧰ু āϏ⧰্āĻŦāϜāύীāύ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻ• āϏāϜাāĻ— āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§° āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āϕ⧰ে। (The political nature of education refers to the study of the political influence and decisions that affect the education system. It explains that education is governed by the power structures, ideals, and policies of society. Political and governmental influences shape the goals, curriculum, and policies of the education system. In this sense, education is seen as a platform for promoting social cohesion, social justice, equality, and universal development.)

3. āϚāĻŽু āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āϞিāĻ–া- (Write short answers) 2x5=10

(a) āφāϧুāύীāĻ•িāϕ⧰āĻŖে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϤ āĻĒেāϞোā§ąা āĻĻুāϟা āĻ‹āĻŖাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াā§ą āϞিāĻ–া। (Write two negative impacts of modernisation in Education.)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (i) āϧ⧰্āĻŽিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻš্ā§°াāϏ।(Decline in religious and moral education.)
(ii) āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏা⧟িāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϝোāĻ—িāϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻŽāύোāĻ­াā§ąā§° āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ। (Growth of commercial and competitive attitudes.)

(b) āĻŽৌāĻ–িāĻ• āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āĻŽাāύে āĻ•ি āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖāϏāĻš āϞিāĻ–া।(Explain the meaning of oral literature with example.)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻŽৌāĻ–িāĻ• āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻŽুāĻ–ে āĻŽুāĻ–ে āĻĒā§া āφ⧰ু āĻļুāύা āϝোā§ąা āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ। āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ: āϞোāĻ•āĻ—ীāϤি। (Oral literature is the form of literature passed down by word of mouth. Example: Folk songs.)

(c) āĻ…āϏāĻŽāϤাā§° āĻĻুāϟা āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া। (State two causes of inequality.)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (i) āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨিāϤি।(Economic status.)
(ii) āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϞাāĻ­ā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ—ā§° āĻ…āĻ­াā§ą।(Lack of educational opportunities.)

(d) āĻ‹āϤু āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি āĻšোā§ąা āύিāĻŦāύুā§ąা āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাā§° āĻĻুāϟা āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া। (State two causes of seasonal unemployment.)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: (i) āĻ•ৃāώি āϕ⧰্āĻŽā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āύিā§°্āĻ­ā§° āϕ⧰া। (Dependence on agricultural work.)
(ii)  āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āĻ•াā§°্āĻŽāϤ āύিāϝ়োāϜিāϤ āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻ•া। (Engaged in a specific task.)

(e) āĻ­াā§°āϤী⧟ āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύ⧰ āϏāĻŽā§ąā§°্āϤী āϏূāϚী āĻŽাāύে āĻ•ি? āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻ• āĻ•েāϤি⧟া āĻāχ āϏূāϚীāϤ āĻ…āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ?(What do you mean by concurrent list of the Indian Constitution? When was education included in the concurrent list?)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āϏāĻŽā§ąā§°্āϤী āϏূāϚী āĻŽাāύে āĻ•োāύো āĻŦিāώ⧟⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āφ⧰ু ā§°াāϜ্āϝ āĻĻু⧟োā§°ে āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āĻĨāĻ•া āϏূāϚী। 1976 āϚāύāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻ• āĻāχ āϏূāϚীāϤ āĻ…āύ্āϤāϰ্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। (The concurrent list means a list on which both the central and state governments have jurisdiction. Education was included in this list in 1976.)

4. āĻŦāĻšāϞাāχ āϞিāĻ–া- (Explain). 4x4=16

(a) 'āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āφāχāύ-2009'ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϧাāύ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝāϏāĻŽূāĻš āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া। (Discuss the prominent characteristics of the Right to Education Act-2009.)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āφāχāύ, ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧝ (RTE Act) āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ­াā§°āϤ⧰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻāĻ• āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āφāχāύ, āϝিāϝ়ে ā§Ŧ-ā§§ā§Ē āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦāϝ়āϏ⧰ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻļিāĻļুāĻ• āĻŦিāύাāĻŽূāϞীāϝ়া āφ⧰ু āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϞাāĻ­ā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϕ⧰ে। āĻāχ āφāχāύ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ļ āϚāύ⧰ ā§§ āĻāĻĒ্ā§°িāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻ•াā§°্āϝāϕ⧰ী āĻšāϝ় āφ⧰ু āχāϝ়াā§° āĻŽূāϞ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ• āĻāĻ•ে āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া।

āĻāχ āφāχāύে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĻিāĻļāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻ—āϤ āĻŽাāύ āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϕ⧰া āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻŽাāύāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰ি āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়া āφ⧰ু āύীāϤি-āύিāϝ়āĻŽā§°ে āϏাā§°āĻĨিā§° āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰ে। āχāϝ়াāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āφ⧰ু CWSN (āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύ⧰ āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ী) ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϏুāĻŦিāϧা, āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো āωāύ্āύāϝ়āύ āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻļু-āĻŦāύ্āĻ§ā§ąী āĻĒā§°িāĻŦেāĻļā§° āϏৃāώ্āϟিā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āφ⧰োāĻĒ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে।

āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āφāχāύ, ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧝⧰ āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āϏāĻŽāώ্āϟিāĻ—āϤ āωāύ্āύāϤি āϏাāϧāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝāĻŽাāύ āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ āĻĻূā§° āϕ⧰া āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻļুā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώিāϤ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে, āϝাāϤে āĻ­াā§°āϤ⧰ āϏāĻŽāĻ—্ā§° āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻ•āϞে āĻāĻ•ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

(The Right to Education Act, 2009 (RTE Act) is a significant law in India’s education sector that ensures the right to free and compulsory elementary education for all children aged 6-14 years. This Act came into effect on April 1, 2010, with the primary aim of providing equal opportunities in education to every section of society.

The Act focuses on maintaining the quality of education and setting standards for schools by establishing various processes and guidelines. It emphasizes teacher training and special facilities for CWSN (Children With Special Needs), development of school infrastructure, and creating a child-friendly environment.

Under the Right to Education Act, 2009, the goal is to eliminate existing inequalities and protect children’s rights, ensuring that every child in India can access the same educational opportunities.)




(b) āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āύীāϤি āφ⧰ু āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϞিāĻ–া। (Write the difference between Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Rights.)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āύীāϤি āφ⧰ু āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ ā§Ē āϟা āϚāĻŽুāĻ•ৈ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ:
1. āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•ৃāϤি:
āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āύীāϤি: āĻāϟি āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āφ⧰ু āϏāĻšাāϝ়āĻ•।
āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°: āĻāϟি āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āφ⧰ু āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώিāϤ।

2. āĻŦাঁāϧāύ:
āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āύীāϤি: āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āύāĻšāϝ়।
āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°: āĻŦাāϧ্āϝāϤাāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āφ⧰ু āφāχāύী āϏুāϰāĻ•্āώা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰ে।

3. āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ:
āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āύীāϤি: āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āωāύ্āύāϤি āφ⧰ু āϏāĻŽāϤা।
āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°: āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āφ⧰ু āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώা।

4. āφāχāύী āϏāĻšাāϝ়:
āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļাāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• āύীāϤি: āφāĻĻাāϞāϤ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ āύāϕ⧰া āϝাāϝ়।
āĻŽৌāϞিāĻ• āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§°: āφāĻĻাāϞāϤ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϏুāϰāĻ•্āώিāϤ āφ⧰ু āϞāĻ™্āϘিāϤ āĻšāϞে āφāχāύী āϏāĻšাāϝ় āωāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧ।

(Four key differences between Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Rights:
1. Nature:
Directive Principles: Advisory and supportive.
Fundamental Rights: Binding and protective.

2. Binding:
Directive Principles: Not mandatory.
Fundamental Rights: Mandatory and legally protected.

3. Objective:
Directive Principles: Societal development and equality.
Fundamental Rights: Personal freedom and security.

4. Legal Remedy:
Directive Principles: Cannot be enforced by the court.
Fundamental Rights: Protected by the court, with legal recourse if violated.)

(c) āĻŦ্āϰিāϟিāĻ› āĻ”āĻĒāύিāĻļ্āϝāĻŦাāĻĻে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϤ āĻ•েāύেāϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻĒেāϞাāχāĻ›িāϞ? (How did British Colonialism affect education?)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻŦ্āϰিāϟিāĻ› āĻ”āĻĒāύিāĻļ্āϝāĻŦাāĻĻে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϤ āϝিāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻĒেāϞাāχāĻ›িāϞ, āϏেāϝ়া āϚāĻŽুāĻ•ৈ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া āĻš’āϞ:

1. āĻ…āϏাāĻŽাāĻž্āϜāϏ্āϝāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা: āĻŦ্āϰিāϟিāϛ⧰ āĻļাāϏāύāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āφāĻ›িāϞ āωāĻĒāύিāĻŦেāĻļā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ়āϤাāĻ• āĻĒূā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া, āϝেāύে āĻļাāϏāĻ• āĻŦā§°্āĻ—ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļাāϏāύিāĻ•, āϏাāĻŽā§°িāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝিāĻ• āĻ•াā§°্āϝ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤ āφ⧰ু āϏāϏ্āϤাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻŽ্āϝাāύāĻĒাā§ąাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤুāϤ āϕ⧰া। āĻĢāϞāϏ্āĻŦāϰূāĻĒ, āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻ­েāĻĻā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āφāϧাā§°িāϤ āĻāĻ• āĻ…āϏāĻŽ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻ—āĻĸ় āϞ'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāϞ।
2. āχংā§°াāϜী āĻ­াāώাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāϧাāύ্āϝ: āχংā§°াāϜী āĻ­াāώাāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āĻļাāϏāύ⧰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻĒ্ā§°āϧাāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ, āϝাā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻĻেāĻļā§° āύাāύা āĻ­াāώাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ া āϏংāĻ•āϟ⧰ āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻ–ীāύ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āĻ­াāώাā§° āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļāϤ āĻŦাāϧা āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ।
3. āĻ…āϤি āϏীāĻŽিāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϏাā§°: āĻŦ্ā§°িāϟিāĻ› āĻļাāϏāύāĻ•াāϞāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώিāϤ āĻŦā§°্āĻ— āφ⧰ু āωāϚ্āϚ āĻŦā§°্āĻ—ā§° āϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖ, āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ•ৈ āĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽীāĻŖ āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύāĻ—্āϰāϏāϰ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ–াā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽ āφāĻ›িāϞ।
4. āϚ⧰্āϚাā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āϕ⧰া: āĻŦ্ā§°িāϟিāϛ⧰ āĻļাāϏāύ⧰ āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āϧ⧰্āĻŽীāϝ় āφ⧰ু āύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϜোā§° āύাāĻĨাāĻ•িāϞ, āφ⧰ু āĻļাāϏāύ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ—āϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŖাāϞীāϤāĻ•ৈ ā§°াāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύিāĻ• āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ•োāĻŖেāχ āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ।

āĻāχ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻ­াā§°āϤ⧰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āφāϧুāύিāĻ•ীāϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āĻĻিāĻļā§° āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ āϏীāĻŽিāϤ āφāĻ›িāϞ, āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻāĻ• āϧ⧰্āĻŽāύিā§°āĻĒেāĻ•্āώ āφ⧰ু āϜাāϤীāϝ় āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰⧰ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšোā§ąা āύাāĻ›িāϞ।

(The British colonial rule had several impacts on education, which can be summarized as follows:

1. Unequal Education System: Under British rule, the aim of education was to meet the needs of the colony, such as providing manpower for administrative, military, and commercial purposes. As a result, an unequal education system based on class distinctions was established.
2. Emphasis on the English Language: English was established as the medium of instruction and governance, which led to a decline in the development of local languages and created a language barrier for many people.
3. Limited Access to Education: The education system under British rule was limited to the educated and upper classes. Opportunities for education for the general population, particularly rural and marginalized communities, were minimal.
4. Separation from Religious and Moral Education: Under British governance, there was little emphasis on religious and moral education, and the focus was more on political and administrative aspects rather than on values and community building.

As a result of these impacts, the process of modernizing education in India was limited, and a secular and nationalistic approach to education was not fully established.)

(d) āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻ—ীāϤ-āĻŽাāϤ āφ⧰ু āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ী⧟ āĻĒā§°্āϝা⧟āϤ āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰া āĻ–্āϝাāϤি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া।(Discuss the fame earned on Music and Dance of Assam at the national level.)

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻ—ীāϤ-āĻŽাāϤ āφ⧰ু āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ী⧟ āĻĒā§°্āϝা⧟āϤ āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰া āĻ–্āϝাāϤি āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–āϝোāĻ—্āϝ। āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āĻāĻ• āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°া ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ী⧟ āφ⧰ু āφāύ্āϤ⧰্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰āϤ āĻ–্āϝাāϤি āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ•ৈ, āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ—ীāϤ-āĻŽাāϤ āφ⧰ু āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°া āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ­াāĻŦে āϚিāĻš্āύিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖā§° āϏৈāϤে āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া āϝাāĻ•:

ā§§. āĻŦিāĻšু āĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āύৃāϤ্āϝ
āĻŦিāĻšু āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻ…āϤি āĻĒā§°িāϚিāϤ āĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°া। āĻŦ’āĻšাāĻ— āĻŦিāĻšু, ā§°āĻ™াāϞী āĻŦিāĻšু āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāϘ āĻŦিāĻšুā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻŦিāĻšু āĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āύৃāϤ্āϝ āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।

āĻĒ্ā§°āϏিāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি:
āĻ–াāĻ—েāύ āĻŽāĻšāύ্āϤা: āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻ—া⧟āĻ• āĻ–াāĻ—েāύ āĻŽāĻšāύ্āϤাāχ āĻŦিāĻšু āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϚāϞāύ āφ⧰ু āĻĒā§°িāϚিāϤিāϤ āĻ…āϤি āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āϏুā§° āφ⧰ু āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ āφāϜিāĻ“ āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āĻšৃāĻĻ⧟āϤ āĻŦāϏāĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰ে।

āĻ­ূāĻĒেāύ āĻšাāϜ⧰িāĻ•া: āĻ­াā§°āϤী⧟ āϏংāĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āϟ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒী, āϝাā§° āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟া āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻšু āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻ…ā§ąāĻĻাāύ āϜাāϤীāϝ় āφ⧰ু āφāύ্āϤ⧰্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ে āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āĻ—ীāϤ "āĻŦিāϏ্āϤিā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒā§°ā§°ে" āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻāĻ• āĻ…āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āϏৃāώ্āϟিāϤ āĻĒā§°িāĻŖāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে।

⧍. āϏāϤ্ā§°ীāϝ়া āύৃāϤ্āϝ

āϏāϤ্ā§°ীāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ­াā§°āϤ⧰ āĻāĻ• āĻ•্āϞাāϏিāĻ•াāϞ āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻļৈāϞী, āϝাā§° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϏāϤ্āϤ্ā§°াāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻĒā§°া। āχ āĻ­াā§°āϤী⧟ āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻāĻ• āĻļ্ā§°েāώ্āĻ  ā§°ূāĻĒ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻĒā§°িāĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ āύাāϟāĻ• āĻāĻ•াāĻĄেāĻŽী āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āϚāύāϤ āĻāĻ• āĻ•্āϞাāϏিāĻ•াāϞ āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ ā§°ূāĻĒে āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•ৃāϤি āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।

āĻĒ্ā§°āϏিāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি:
āĻ—ুā§°ুāϚ⧰āĻŖ āĻĻাāϏ: āϏāϤ্āϤ্ā§°ী⧟া āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻāĻ• āĻ–্āϝাāϤāύাāĻŽা āĻĒā§°িāϚাāϞāĻ•, āϝিāϜāύে āĻāχ āύৃāϤ্āϝ āĻļৈāϞীāĻ• ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ী⧟ āφ⧰ু āφāύ্āϤ⧰্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϚাā§°িāϤ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻ• āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।
āĻĄ॰ āωāĻĻ⧟ āĻļংāϕ⧰ āĻŦā§°ুā§ąা: āϏāϤ্āϤ্ā§°ী⧟া āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻāĻ• āφāϰ্āĻĨিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻļৈāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āĻ—ā§ąেāώāĻ•, āϝিāϜāύে āĻāχ āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āφ⧰োāĻĒ āϕ⧰ে āφ⧰ু āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϏāϤ্āϤ্ā§°ী⧟া āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϚাā§° āφ⧰ু āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖāϤ āĻ…ā§ąāĻĻাāύ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻ›ে।

ā§Š. āϞোāĻ•āĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤি

āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϞোāĻ•āĻ—ীāϤāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°া āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽৃāĻĻ্āϧ। āĻŦāϰ্āĻ—ীāϤ, āϏāϤ্āϤ্ā§°ী⧟ āĻ—ীāϤ, āφ⧰ু āϞোāĻ•āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে āϧ⧰āĻŖāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āϏাংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িāϚ⧟⧰ āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ— āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āϚিāĻš্āύিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে।

āĻĒ্ā§°āϏিāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি:
āĻŦিāϜু āĻĢুāĻ•āύ: āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϞোāĻ•āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒী, āϝিāϜāύে āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻĻেāĻļā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°āϤ āφ⧰ু āĻ­াā§°āϤী⧟ āϚāϞāϚ্āϚিāϤ্ā§°āϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āϚাā§°িāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।
āĻŽাāϧুā§°াāĻŽ āĻĻাāϏ: āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āϞোāĻ•āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āϟ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒী, āϝিāϜāύে āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°াāĻ—āϤ āĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āϏংāĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϚাā§° āφ⧰ু āĻĒā§°িāϚিāϤিāϤ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

ā§Ē. āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āĻĢিāωāϜāύ

āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝāĻ—āϤ āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤে āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ, āϝাā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°াāĻ—āϤ āĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āύৃāϤ্āϝāĻ• āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āĻŦীāϟ āφ⧰ু āϏুā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŽিāĻļ্ā§°িāϤ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে, ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ী⧟ āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰āϤ āĻŦিāĻļিāώ্āϟāϤা āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।

āĻĒ্ā§°āϏিāĻĻ্āϧ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি:
āϜুāĻŦিāύ āĻ—াā§°্āĻ—: āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āϏংāĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻĒ্ā§°āϏিāĻĻ্āϧ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒী, āϝিāϜāύে āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝাā§° āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āϏংāĻŽিāĻļ্ā§°āĻŖ āϘāϟাāχ āĻ›াā§° āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰āϞৈ āύাāĻŽ āωāĻ াāχāĻ›ে। "āĻŽি⧟া" āφ⧰ু "āĻŦিāϏ্āϤিā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒā§°ā§°ে"ā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻ—ীāϤ āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻāĻ• āύāϤুāύ āĻĒā§°িāϚ⧟ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।
āĻĒাāĻĒāύ (āĻ…ংāĻ—ā§°াāĻ— āĻŽāĻšāύ্āϤ): āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒী āφ⧰ু āĻ—া⧟āĻ•, āϝিāϜāύে āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āϞোāĻ•āĻ—ীāϤāĻ• āφāϧুāύিāĻ• ā§°āĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻĒāĻĒ āϏংāĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻŽিāĻļ্ā§°িāϤ āϕ⧰ি āĻĻেāĻļā§° āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āϏ্āĻĨাāύāϤ āĻ–্āϝাāϤি āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। "āĻŽোāĻš āĻŽোāĻš āĻ•ে āϧাāĻ—ে" āϝেāύে āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻāĻ• āύāϤুāύ āĻĒā§°িāϚ⧟ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। 

(Assam's music and dance traditions have garnered significant recognition at the national level due to their unique styles, rich history, and deep cultural significance. Several aspects of Assamese music and dance have earned widespread appreciation both in India and internationally:

1. Bihu Dance and Music

Bihu is the most iconic form of music and dance from Assam. It is deeply rooted in Assamese culture and is celebrated with great enthusiasm, particularly during the Bihu festivals such as Rongali Bihu (the Assamese New Year).

Famous Figures:

Khagen Mahanta: A legendary singer known for his contributions to Assamese Bihu music. His songs, especially his renditions of traditional Bihu tunes, have a lasting impact on Assamese music.

Bhupen Hazarika: While he is better known for his contribution to Indian music as a whole, his work in incorporating Assamese folk music, including Bihu, into national and international circles has been extraordinary. His song "Bistirno Parore" is one of the most famous examples of Assamese folk music recognized nationally.

2. Sattriya Dance

Sattriya is one of the classical dance forms of India, originating from Assam. It is deeply linked with the Vaishnavite monasteries (Sattras) of Assam and has evolved over centuries. It was recognized as a classical dance form by the Sangeet Natak Akademi in 2000.

Famous Figures:

Gurucharan Das: A prominent exponent of Sattriya dance, Gurucharan Das has played a crucial role in popularizing the dance form both within and outside Assam. His performances have been showcased at various national festivals.

Dr. Uday Shankar Barooah: Another celebrated figure in Sattriya dance, known for his contribution to preserving and promoting this dance form.

3. Folk Music

Assam has a rich tradition of folk music that includes various forms like Borgeet, Xatriya Geet, and Lokgeet. These have been integral to Assamese culture and have gained national recognition in different forms.

Famous Figures:

Biju Phukan: A multifaceted artist who contributed to Assamese folk music, Biju Phukan was known for his portrayal of Assamese culture in cinema and his contribution to Assamese folk music.

Madhuram Das: Known for his work in folk songs, particularly in spreading Assamese Lokgeet, Madhuram Das gained recognition for his unique voice and contributions to traditional music.

4. Modern Assamese Music and Fusion

Alongside traditional music, contemporary Assamese music, which blends traditional tunes with modern rhythms and instruments, has gained national acclaim. The influence of Assamese music is seen in Bollywood and other regional cinema.

Famous Figures:

Zubeen Garg: One of the most celebrated names in the modern Assamese music industry, Zubeen Garg has contributed to both Assamese and Hindi music. His songs, like "Miyaan" and "Bistirno Parore," have made waves across India. He is known for his versatility in blending traditional Assamese music with modern sounds.

Papon: Known for his work in Bollywood and Assamese music, Papon (Angaraag Mahanta) has brought Assamese folk music to the global stage. His hit songs, including “Moh Moh Ke Dhaage,” showcase his Assamese roots while resonating with a broad audience.)


5. "āĻŽāĻšাāĻĒুā§°ুāώ āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāύ্āϤ āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ą āϏ⧰্āĻŦāĻ•াāϞ⧰ āĻļ্ā§°েāώ্āĻ  āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟া”- āĻŦিāϚাā§° āϕ⧰া। ("Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva is the best Assamese of all time"-Justify the statement.).    5

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: "āĻŽāĻšাāĻĒুā§°ুāώ āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāύ্āϤ āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ą āϏ⧰্āĻŦāĻ•াāϞ⧰ āĻļ্ā§°েāώ্āĻ  āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟া" – āĻāχ āωāĻ•্āϤি āĻāĻ• āĻ—āĻ­ীā§° āφ⧰ু āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āφāϞোāϚāύাā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়। āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāύ্āϤ āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ą āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤি āφ⧰ু āϧ⧰্āĻŽā§° āĻāĻ• āĻ…āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ ā§°āϤ্āύ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ ā§°াāώ্āϟ্ā§°ীāϝ় āφ⧰ু āφāϧ্āϝাāϤ্āĻŽিāĻ• āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰āϤ āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻĒā§°িāϚāϝ়āĻ• āĻāĻ• āύāϤুāύ āĻĻিāĻļā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒুāύ⧰ āϏংāϜ্āĻžাāϝ়িāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāύ্āϤ āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ąā§° āϜীā§ąāύ āφ⧰ু āϕ⧰্āĻŽāχ āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļāϤ āĻāĻ• āĻ…āĻ­ূāϤāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āϤেāĻ–েāϤ⧰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা, āϧ⧰্āĻŽāϚিāύ্āϤা, āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ, āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āύৃāϤ্āϝāϤ āϕ⧰া āĻ…ā§ąāĻĻাāύ āφāϜিāĻ“ āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻŽুāϞ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āĻšāϝ়।

1. āϧ⧰্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻĻিāĻļāϤ āĻ…ā§ąāĻĻাāύ
āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāύ্āϤ āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ąā§° āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ…ā§ąāĻĻাāύ āφāĻ›িāϞ āĻŦৈāώ্āĻŖā§ą āϧ⧰্āĻŽā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ া। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু āϧ⧰্āĻŽā§° āĻāĻ• āύāϤুāύ āĻĻিāĻļ, āĻ¨ā§ąāĻŦ্āϰāĻš্āĻŽā§°ূāĻĒী āĻ­āĻ—ā§ąাāύ āĻ•ৃāώ্āĻŖā§° āĻĒূāϜাāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ąā§° āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦāϤ āĻ­ā§°āĻ—ী, āϏাāϧāύা, āĻŽāĻ™্āĻ—āϞাā§°āϤি, āφ⧰ু āĻ•ীā§°্āϤāύ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে āφāϧ্āϝাāϤ্āĻŽিāĻ• āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏāĻŦোā§° āϏৃāώ্āϟিāϤ āφāύে। āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ…ংāĻļā§° āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āĻāĻ•ে āϧ⧰্āĻŽā§° āφāĻ“āϤাāϤ āĻāĻ•āϤ্ā§°িāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে।

2. āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āφ⧰ু āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāϤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāύ
āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāύ্āϤ āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ą āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āĻ­াāώাā§° āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āϏাংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻŽূā§°্āϚāύাā§° āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŖেāϤা। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ•াāĻŦ্āϝ, āύাāϟāĻ•, āĻ—ীāϤ, āφ⧰ু āĻ­āϜāύাāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻāĻ• āĻ…āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝ⧰ ā§°ূāĻĒ āϞৈāĻ›েāĻ—ৈ। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° 'āĻ•ীā§°্āϤāύ āϘ⧰' āφ⧰ু 'āĻŦā§°্āĻ—ীāϤ' āφ⧰ু 'āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ—ীāĻ•ৃāϤি' āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āĻāĻ• āĻ…āϏ্āĻĨাāϝ়ী āϧাā§°া āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰ি āĻ—'āϞ। āϤেāĻ–েāϤ⧰ ā§°āϚিāϤ 'ā§°াāĻŽāϝāϤ্ā§°া' āφ⧰ু 'āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻীāĻĒā§°' āĻĒā§°িāώ্āĻ•ৃāϤ āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟া āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻ…āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ ā§°āϤ্āύ।

3. āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ āφ⧰ু āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āφāϧুāύিāĻ•ীāϕ⧰āĻŖ
āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāύ্āϤ āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ąāχ āĻ­ā§°āĻ—ী āύৃāϤ্āϝ āφ⧰ু āĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻĒā§°āĻŽ্āĻĒā§°াā§° āϏৃāώ্āϟিāϤ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦāϤ āϏāϤ্āϤ্ā§°ী⧟া āύৃāϤ্āϝ āφ⧰ু āĻ­ā§°āĻ—ী āύৃāϤ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āφ⧰ু āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āϏংāϜ্āĻžা āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ąā§° āĻ—ীāϤ āϤāĻĨা 'āĻŦাā§°্āϤা', 'āϜāĻĒāĻŽাāϞা' āφ⧰ু 'āϧুāύী' āĻ—ীāϤ āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤ āύāϤুāύ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϤ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŖি āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ।

4. āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļāϤ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া
āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāύ্āϤ āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ąā§° āϧ⧰্āĻŽীāϝ় āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύে āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļāϤ āĻāĻ• āĻŽāĻšাāύ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻĒাāϞāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏাāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāϝ়িāĻ•āϤা āφ⧰ু āϜাāϤীāϝ়āϤা āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻāĻ• āύāϤুāύ āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ­ংāĻ—ী āφāĻ—āĻŦāĻĸ়াāχāĻ›িāϞ। āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ąā§° āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰া āϏāϤ্āϤ্ā§°āϏāĻŽূāĻšāχ āĻāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤাāύ্āϤ্ā§°িāĻ• āĻŦোāϧ⧰ āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ āϘāϟাāχāĻ›িāϞ। āϏেāϝ়া āφāϜিāĻ“ āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻāĻ•āϤাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āφ⧰ু āϧাā§°্āĻŽিāĻ• āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°ীāϤিā§° āĻŽূāϞ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻĒā§°িāĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে।

5. āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāύ
āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāύ্āϤ āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ąāχ āϜ্āĻžাāύ āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϚিāύ্āϤা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āφāϧ্āϝাāϤ্āĻŽিāĻ•āϤা āφ⧰ু āĻŦোāϧ⧰ āφāϧাā§°āϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āϏৃāώ্āϟিāĻļীāϞāϤা āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāχāĻ›িāϞ।

āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāύ্āϤ āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ąā§° āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§°, āϕ⧰্āĻŽ, āφ⧰ু āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ⧰ āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ āφ⧰ু āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āϏāĻ™্āĻ—āϤি āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ। āĻļ্ā§°ীāĻŽāύ্āϤ āĻļংāϕ⧰āĻĻেā§ą āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āχāϤিāĻšাāϏ⧰ āĻāĻ• āĻ…āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻ…āϧ্āϝাāϝ়, āϝাā§° āφāϧাā§°āϤ āĻ…āϏāĻŽীāϝ়া āϏāĻŽাāϜ āϤāĻĨা āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āφāϧুāύিāĻ• ā§°ূāĻĒā§° āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāύ āĻ…āϤিāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽ āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āϤেāĻ–েāϤ⧰ āϧ⧰্āĻŽীāϝ়, āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝিāĻ•, āφ⧰ু āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āϕ⧰্āĻŽā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϚিā§°āĻ•াāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ…āϏāĻŽāϤ āϏ⧰্āĻŦāĻ•াāϞ⧰ āĻļ্ā§°েāώ্āĻ  āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟া āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āϚিāĻš্āύিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে।

("Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardev, the Greatest Assamese of All Time" – An Analysis-

This statement is a profound and significant topic for discussion. Srimanta Sankardev is a priceless gem of Assamese culture and religion. He redefined the identity of Assam in both national and spiritual contexts. His life and works played an unprecedented role in the development of Assamese society. Srimanta Sankardev's contributions to education, religion, literature, music, and dance continue to form the foundation of Assamese society today.

1. Contribution to Religion

Srimanta Sankardev’s most significant contribution was the establishment of Vaishnavism in Assam. He introduced the worship of Lord Krishna in his divine form through the practice of Nava-Brahma. Under his leadership, rituals like Bhakti, Sadhana, Mangal Arati, and Kirtan were introduced, uniting the people of Assam under a common religious identity.

2. Contribution to Literature and Culture

Srimanta Sankardev was one of the primary architects of Assamese literature and cultural renaissance. His poetry, plays, songs, and hymns became invaluable parts of Assamese literature. His contributions such as 'Kirtan Ghar', 'Borgeet', and 'Angikriti' formed the foundation of Assamese cultural heritage. His works like 'Ramjatra' and 'Pradeep' are considered significant milestones in Assamese literature.

3. Revival and Modernization of Music and Dance

Srimanta Sankardev played a crucial role in the establishment of BhargÄĢ dance and music traditions. Under his guidance, the classical Assamese dance form Sattriya was popularized and given full definition. Sankardev’s creation of 'Barta', 'Jopmala', and 'Dhuni' hymns introduced new forms of music in Assamese society and laid the groundwork for modern Assamese music and dance.

4. Role in the Development of Society

Sankardev’s religious movement played a vital role in the development of Assamese society. He promoted a new perspective on communal harmony and nationalism. His creation of Satras fostered a sense of social unity and spiritual development, which continues to be a significant source of cultural cohesion and religious harmony in Assamese society.

5. Contribution to Education and Knowledge

Srimanta Sankardev placed great importance on knowledge and education based on spirituality and inner awakening. His innovative ideas and contributions to religious education and social reform continue to influence the educational structure of Assam.

Srimanta Sankardev’s character, works, and philosophy are in harmony with the future course of modern society. He is an invaluable chapter in the history of Assam, whose contributions have shaped the modern identity of Assamese culture and society. His contributions to religion, literature, and culture have firmly established him as the greatest Assamese of all time, whose legacy continues to influence Assamese life, and his ideals remain central to Assamese society.)


6. āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨী āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে ā§°াāϜāĻšুā§ąাāĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāĻ• āωāύ্āύāϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•ি āĻ•ি āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ āφāĻ—āĻŦāĻĸ়াāĻŦা। As a teacher trainee, what will be your recommendation to improve education in the public sector?    5

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨী āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে ā§°াāϜāĻšুā§ąাāĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āωāύ্āύāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ą āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে:

ā§§. āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻ—āϤ āĻŽাāύ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ…āϧ্āϝ⧟āύ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āφāϧুāύিāĻ•ীāϕ⧰āĻŖ:
ā§°াāϜāĻšুā§ąা āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟āϏāĻŽূāĻšāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻ…ā§ąāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ āϕ⧰াāϟো āĻ†ā§ąāĻļ্āϝāĻ•। āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•-āĻļিāĻ•্āώিāĻ•াā§° āĻļিāĻ•াāχ āĻŦাāϚāϞ āφ⧰ু āϏৃāώ্āϟিāĻļীāϞ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āωāϚিāϤ। āĻĒাāĻ āĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āϤāĻĨ্āϝ-āĻĒ্ā§°āϝুāĻ•্āϤি (ICT) āφ⧰ু āĻ­িāϜ্āϝু⧟েāϞ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āωāĻĒāϕ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰āĻ• āϝাāϤে āĻ›াāϤ্āϰ-āĻ›াāϤ্āϰীāϏāĻ•āϞে āĻāĻ•ে āϏāĻŽā§ŸāϤ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻļেāĻ–া āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•āύো āωāĻĒāĻ­োāĻ— āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

⧍. āχāύāĻ•্āϞুāϏিāĻ­ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖী āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āωāύ্āύāϤি:
āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύী⧟āϤা āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্āϰী (CWSN)**ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏāĻ িāĻ• āφ⧰ু āχāύāĻ•্āϞুāϏিāĻ­ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ। āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āύি⧟āĻŽিāϤ āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰ি āϏেāχ āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্āϰীā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ• āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āϤৈ⧟াā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āĻāχ āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻ—āϤ āĻŽাāύ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒা⧟।

ā§Š. āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āφ⧰ু āĻĒেāĻļাāĻ—āϤ āωāύ্āύāϤি:
āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āϜāύ্āϝে āύি⧟āĻŽিāϤ āĻĒেāĻļাāĻ—āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āφāϝ়োāϜāύ āϕ⧰ি āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻĒাāĻ āĻĻাāύ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύāĻ• āωāύ্āύāϤ āϕ⧰া āωāϚিāϤ। āĻ•্āϞাāϛ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•ী⧟ āφāϞোāϚāύাā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।


ā§Ē. āφāύ্āϤঃāĻ—াāĻĨঁāύি āφ⧰ু āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ• āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āωāύ্āύāϤি:
āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟⧰ āφāύ্āϤঃāĻ—াāĻĨঁāύি āφ⧰ু āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ• āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āωāύ্āύāϤ āϕ⧰াā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āφ⧰োāĻĒ āϕ⧰āĻ•। āĻĒাāύী, āĻĒুāώ্āϟি, āφ⧰ু āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ⧰ āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻŽāύোāϝোāĻ— āĻĻি⧟াā§° āϞāĻ—āϤে āĻ–েāϞাāϧুāϞাā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°ā§° āωāύ্āύāϤি āϕ⧰াāϟো āϜ⧰ুā§°ী। āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟⧰ āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ে āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্āϰীāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āωāύ্āύāϤিā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āϏāĻšা⧟ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ।

ā§Ģ. āĻĒā§°ি⧟াāϞ āφ⧰ু āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āϝোāĻ—āϏূāϤ্āϰ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ:
āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āφ⧰ু āĻĒā§°ি⧟াāϞ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏāĻ•্ā§°ি⧟ āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤাā§° āϜ⧰ি⧟āϤে āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°-āĻ›াāϤ্ā§°ীāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻļৈāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āωāύ্āύāϤি āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰া āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­ā§ą। āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟āϏāĻŽূāĻšে āĻĒā§°ি⧟াāϞ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦ⧟ āϕ⧰াāϤ āϏāĻšা⧟ āϕ⧰āĻ•, āϝাāϤে āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ­াā§ąāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻĒা⧟ āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻŦেāĻĻāύāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻ›াāϤ্ā§° āĻĒā§°্āϝāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĒā§°িāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা āϕ⧰া āĻšā§Ÿ।

(As a teacher trainee, here are some suggestions for improving the public education system:

1. Modernization of Teaching Methods for Improved Quality

It is necessary to adopt modern teaching methods in public schools. Teachers should be creative and student-centered in their approach. Using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and visual teaching materials will help students learn in a more interactive and engaging way.

2. Improvement in Inclusive Education and Special Education

There should be a proper inclusive education system for children with special needs (CWSN). Teachers should receive regular special education training, and a separate curriculum can be designed to cater to the needs of these students. This will ensure better educational outcomes for all students.

3. Teacher Training and Professional Development

Regular professional development programs for teachers should be organized to improve their teaching techniques and pedagogical skills. Classroom observations and discussions on teaching methodologies can enhance teachers' effectiveness and help them adopt more innovative teaching methods.

4. Improvement of Infrastructure and Physical Facilities

The infrastructure and facilities of schools should be upgraded. Ensuring access to clean water, nutrition, and health services, as well as improving sports facilities, is essential. A well-maintained school environment will contribute to the physical and mental well-being of students.

5. Building Stronger Connections with Families and the Community

Active collaboration between schools and families can significantly contribute to students’ academic progress. Schools should work closely with parents, encouraging their involvement in school activities and providing regular student feedback to ensure better learning outcomes.)

7. "āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻāĻ• āĻ—āĻŖāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• āύীāϤি”- āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°েāĻ•্āώাāĻĒāϟāϤ āĻ•āĻĨাāώাā§°ā§° āϝুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻ•্āϤāϤা āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĒāύ্āύ āϕ⧰া। ("Reservation is a democratic policy"- Justify the statement in the context of the present-day education system.)  5

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: "āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻāĻ• āĻ—āĻŖāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• āύীāϤি" – āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°েāĻ•্āώাāĻĒāϟāϤ āĻ•āĻĨাāώাā§°ā§° āϝুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻ•্āϤāϤা:-

āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ (Reservation) āĻŦা āφ⧰āĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻāĻ• āĻ—āĻŖāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• āύীāϤি āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻĒā§°িāĻ—āĻŖিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে, āϝাā§° āĻŽূāϞ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻ…āύ্āϝাāϝ্āϝāĻ­াā§ąে āĻĒীāĻĄ়িāϤ āφ⧰ু āĻĒāĻļ্āϚাā§ŽāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা, āϚাāϕ⧰ি āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āϏ⧰্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ• āϏুāϝোāĻ— āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰া। āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°েāĻ•্āώাāĻĒāϟāϤ āĻāχ āύীāϤিā§° āϝুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻ•্āϤāϤা āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।

1. āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āϏāĻŽāϤা āφ⧰ু āύ্āϝাāϝ়
āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āϏāĻŽāϤাā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϕ⧰াā§° āωāĻĒাāϝ় āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ়। āĻŦāĻšুāĻĻিāύ āϧ⧰ি āϏংāĻŦিāϧাāύিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ⧰ āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻ–ীāύ āĻšোā§ąা āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϏāĻŽূāĻš (āϝেāύে, SC/ST, OBC, āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻĒāĻļ্āϚাā§ŽāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ী)ā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āϚাāϕ⧰িā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻ…āϏāĻŽāϤা āĻĻূā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāχ āύীāϤি āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϏāĻŽূāĻšāϤ āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰ āĻĻিāϞে āϏেāχ āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ• āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āϝোāĻ—্āϝ āύাāĻ—ā§°িāĻ• āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏ⧰āĻŦā§°াāĻšā§° āĻ…ংāĻļীāĻĻাā§° āϕ⧰ি āϤুāϞিāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āϝাāϝ়।

2. āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āφ⧰ু āϏুāϝোāĻ—ā§° āϏ⧰āĻŦā§°াāĻš
āĻ—āĻŖāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻŽূāϞ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏāĻ•āϞোā§°ে āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏāĻŽাāύ āϏুāϝোāĻ—ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ। āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে, āĻŽāύ্āύāϤ āφ⧰ু āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāĻŦāĻž্āϚিāϤ āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώা, āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤি āφ⧰ু āĻŦাāϚāϞাā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āχāώ্āϟাā§°্āύ āĻŽā§°্āϝাāĻĻা āϞাāĻ­ā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ•ৈ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ, āϏেāϝ়া āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒিāĻ িāϤ āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻ• āϜীā§ąāύ āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ āĻŽāύ্āύāϤ āϕ⧰ে।

3. āĻĻীā§°্āϘāĻ•াāϞ⧰ āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āωāύ্āύāϤি
āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে, āĻĒāĻļ্āϚাā§ŽāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϏāĻŽূāĻšāϞৈ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āϏেāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āωāύ্āύāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়াāϏ āφāĻ—āĻŦāĻĸ়াāχāĻ›ে। āφ⧰ু āĻāχ āωāύ্āύāϤিā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া, āĻ­াā§°āϤ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϜāύāύ āφ⧰ু āĻ—āĻŖāϤাāύ্āϤ্ā§°িāĻ• āĻ—āĻ āύ⧰ āĻāĻ• āωāύ্āύāϤ āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰েā§°ে āύāϤুāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āϜāύ্āĻŽā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āϏুāϝোāĻ—ā§° āĻŽেāϞা āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰ি।

4. āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻŦিāϚ্āĻ›িāύ্āύāϤা āφ⧰ু āϏাংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻŦāύ্āϧāĻ•āϤা āĻĻূā§° āϕ⧰া
āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄāϤ āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻāϜāύ āϞোāĻ•āĻ• āχāώ্āϟাā§°্āύ āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϞৈ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒৃāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ। āϏেāϝ়া, āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻ…āύ্āϝাāϝ়, āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝ āφ⧰ু āĻŦাāϚāϞাā§° āϐāϤিāĻš্āϝ ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻ• āĻ¨ā§ą āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰াā§° āωāĻĒাāϝ় āĻšৈ āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

"āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻāĻ• āĻ—āĻŖāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• āύীāϤি"ā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āϝুāĻ•্āϤিāϝুāĻ•্āϤāϤা āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĒāύ্āύ āϕ⧰াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ, āφāĻŽি āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻĒাāĻ“ঁ āϝে āĻāχ āύীāϤিā§° āĻŽুāĻ–্āϝ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻĒীāĻĄ়িāϤ āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϏāĻŽূāĻšāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāύ āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰ি, āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āϏুāĻŦিāϧাāĻŦāĻž্āϚিāϤ āϞোāϕ⧰ āωāύ্āύāϤি āφ⧰ু āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āϕ⧰া। āĻāχ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝেāχ āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏাāĻŽ্āϝ, āĻŽāύ্āύāϤ āφ⧰ু āωāύ্āύāϤিā§° āĻĒāĻĨ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļāϏ্āϤ āϕ⧰ে।
("Reservation is a Democratic Policy" – Justification of the Statement in the Context of the Current Education System

Reservation is considered a democratic policy, aimed at providing equal opportunities to socially and economically disadvantaged groups, who have faced historical oppression and marginalization. In the context of the current education system, the justification of this policy is highly significant.

1. Social Equality and Justice
Reservation is seen as a means to ensure social equality. Historically, groups such as Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Classes (OBC), and other marginalized communities have faced constitutional and social discrimination. To eliminate this inequality, reservation in education and employment has been introduced. By providing reservation in schools and universities, these groups are given the opportunity to become equal and contributing members of society.

2. Provision of Rights and Opportunities
The core objective of a democratic society is to provide equal opportunities for all. Through reservation, marginalized communities are given the chance to access education, culture, and employment, thus enabling them to gain dignity and equal status in society. In particular, in the field of education, this creates a path of inclusion and empowerment for these groups, helping them overcome historical disadvantages.

3. Long-term Social and Economic Progress
By increasing access to education for backward communities through reservation, their social and economic progress is promoted. This progress helps in fostering the development of the nation’s democracy by creating opportunities for a new generation to uplift themselves. The long-term benefit of this is the gradual elimination of inequality across generations.

4. Reducing Social Marginalization and Cultural Barriers
Reservation in education helps integrate marginalized individuals into the social mainstream. It provides a path to bridge the gap between various communities, reducing injustice, discrimination, and social barriers. This leads to greater social cohesion and a more inclusive cultural development.

In justifying the statement "Reservation is a democratic policy," we can observe that the primary objective of this policy is to ensure equal opportunities for marginalized groups, particularly in education, and to foster their social, economic, and educational development. This not only ensures justice and equity but also paves the way for a more progressive and inclusive society.)

8. āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϜāύāĻ—াঁāĻ āύি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে āĻāϟি āϚāĻŽুāϟোāĻ•া āϞিāĻ–া। (Write a brief note on the population structure of Assam.).    5

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϜāύāĻ—াঁāĻ āύি

āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϜāύāĻ—াঁāĻ āύি (Demography of Assam) āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্ā§°্āϝāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āφ⧰ু āϏঁāϚাāĻ•ৈāϝ়ে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϜাāϤি, āĻ­াāώা, āϧ⧰্āĻŽ, āφ⧰ু āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āĻŽিāϞāύ⧰ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ। āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϜāύāϏংāĻ–্āϝাā§° āφāϧিāĻ•াংāĻļ āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟া, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ‡ā§ŸাāϤ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ী, āϜাāϤি āφ⧰ু āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিā§° āϞোāĻ• āĻŦāϏāĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰ে। āĻ…āϏāĻŽāϤ āĻŦāĻšু āĻŽāύ্āύāϤ āφ⧰ু āĻŽāύ্āύāϤ-āĻĒāĻļ্āϚাā§ŽāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ—োāώ্āĻ ী, āϝāĻĨা āφāĻĻিāĻŦাāϏী, āĻ­াā§°āϤী⧟ āĻŦাāĻ™াāϞি, āύাāĻ—া, āĻŦāĻĄো, āĻ•ুāĻ•ি, āĻŽিāĻ›িং, āϰাāϜāĻŦংāĻļী, āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖā§° āĻŦাāϏ।

āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϜāύāĻ—াঁāĻ āύিā§° āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻĻিāĻļ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ‡ā§Ÿাā§° āĻ­াāώিāĻ• āĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্ā§°্āϝ। āĻ…āϏāĻŽী⧟াā§° āωāĻĒā§°িāĻ“ āĻŦাāĻ™াāϞি, āĻšিāύ্āĻĻী, āĻ­ুāϤিāϝ়া, āĻ—োāϰ্āĻ–া, āχংā§°াāϜী āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āĻ­াāώা āĻĒ্ā§°āϚāϞিāϤ। āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖā§° āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϧ⧰্āĻŽā§° āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻšিāύ্āĻĻু, āχāϏāϞাāĻŽ, āĻ–্ā§°ীāώ্āϟাāύ, āĻŦৌāĻĻ্āϧ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āϧ⧰্āĻŽ āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖāĻ•াā§°ী āϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŽিāĻļ্ā§°āĻŖ āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ়।

āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϜāύāϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦāĻŖāϤা āωāϚ্āϚ āφāĻ›িāϞ, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŦাāϚāϞাā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•āĻŽি āĻ—ৈāĻ›ে। āϏেāϝ়া āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ে āĻ…āϏāĻŽāϤ āϝুāĻŦ āϜāύāϏংāĻ–্āϝাā§° āĻŽাāϤ্ā§°া āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–āϝোāĻ—্āϝ।  āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āφāĻž্āϚāϞিāĻ• āĻŦāύ্āϟāύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦেāχ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞāϤ āϜāύāĻ—াঁāĻ āύিā§° āĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্āϰ্āϝ āĻĒোā§ąা āϝাāϝ়, āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ•ৈ āĻļ্āĻŦāĻšā§° āφ⧰ু āĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽ্āϝ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ।

āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϜāύāĻ—াঁāĻ āύিā§° āĻ…āĻĻ্āĻ­ুāϤ āĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্ā§°্āϝāχ āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§° āϏংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤি āφ⧰ু āχāϤিāĻšাāϏ⧰ āĻāĻ• āĻ…āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ āĻ…ংāĻļ ā§°ূāĻĒে āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚিāϤ।
(Demography of Assam

The demography of Assam is particularly diverse and truly a melting pot of various ethnicities, languages, religions, and cultures. The majority of Assam's population is Assamese, but it is home to people from different communities, ethnicities, and cultures. Assam hosts several indigenous and backward groups, such as the Adivasis, Indian Bengalis, Nagas, Bodos, Kukis, Mising, Rajbongshis, and others.

A distinctive feature of Assam's demography is its linguistic diversity. Apart from Assamese, languages such as Bengali, Hindi, Bodo, Gorkha, English, and other local languages are spoken. The population follows various religions, including Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, etc., reflecting a rich mix of religious practices.

The trend of population growth in Assam has been high, but over time, the rate of growth has decreased. Consequently, the youth population in Assam is significant. The regional distribution of the population also shows diversity, particularly between urban and rural areas.

The unique diversity of Assam's population is considered an invaluable part of its culture and history.)

9. āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ া āϕ⧰া। (Establish the relationship between education and the preamble.). 5

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰: āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ

āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻ—āĻ­ীā§° āφ⧰ু āϏ⧰ু āϏ⧰ু āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ে āĻāĻ• āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻāχ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧāϟোāĻ• āĻŦুāϜিāĻŦāϞৈ, āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻ•āĻ•্āώে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĻিāĻļ āφ⧰ু āϏেāϝ়াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϏাā§° āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšৃāϤ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āφ⧰ু āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŽāύāϝোāĻ— āĻĻিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ।

ā§§. āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύা
āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŽূāϞ āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝা āφ⧰ু āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āϕ⧰া, āϝাāϤে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীāϏāĻ•āϞে āϜীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āϏāĻĢāϞāϤা āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰ে। āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āωāύ্āύāϤিā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা āφ⧰ু āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ে āύāϤুāύ āĻĻিāĻļā§° āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰া। āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰āϤ āĻāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύা āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļāύা āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে, āϝাā§° āϜ⧰ি⧟āϤে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŽাāύ⧰ āωāύ্āύāϤি āφ⧰ু āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āϏুāĻ—āĻŽ āϕ⧰া āĻšā§Ÿ।

⧍. āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŽাāϜেā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąা⧟āύ
āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϧাā§°āĻŖাāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ąা⧟িāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖāϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒ, āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝ⧰ে āύāϤুāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি, āĻĒাāĻ ্āϝāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽā§° āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļ, āφ⧰ু āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝুāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°āϤ āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āφ⧰োāĻĒ āϕ⧰া āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻāχāϧ⧰āĻŖে āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āϏংāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āφ⧰ু āϏāĻŽāύ্āĻŦ⧟ āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

ā§Š. āωāύ্āύāϤি āφ⧰ু āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ে āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি
āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύা āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āωāύ্āύāϤিā§° āĻĒāύ্āĻĨা āφ⧰ু āύāϤুāύ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āϤৈā§°ী āϕ⧰ে। āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖāϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒ, āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§°্āĻĨীā§° āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻš āĻŦā§োā§ąা, āύāϤুāύ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া, āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϝুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āωāύ্āύāϤিā§° āϝোāĻ—াāύ āϧ⧰াā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϘāϟে। āĻāχ āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিāϏāĻŽূāĻšāχ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° ā§°ূāϚি āφ⧰ু āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āωāύ্āύāϤ āϕ⧰াāϤ āϏāĻšা⧟ āϕ⧰ে।

ā§Ē. āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύা — āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ­ংāĻ—ী
āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻāĻ• āĻĒাā§ąাā§°āĻĢুāϞ āϚেāĻž্āϜ āĻāϜেāύ্āϟ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে, āϝি āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύাā§° āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āύāϤুāύ āĻĻিāĻļ āϏāĻŽā§°্āĻĨāύ āφ⧰ু āĻĢāϞāϏ্āĻŦāϰূāĻĒ āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏāĻ িāĻ• āĻĻিāĻļ āĻŦুāϜা। āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ­িāϤ্āϤি āϕ⧰ি āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤাā§ąāύা āĻāĻ•ে āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰ে, āϝাāϤে āϏāĻŽāώ্āϟিāĻ—āϤ āωāύ্āύāϤি āϏাāϧ

(There is a deep and multifaceted relationship between education and proposal. To understand this connection, we need to focus on the purpose of education and how proposals serve as a mechanism to advance and enhance educational methods and principles.

1. Purpose of Education and Proposal
The primary purpose of education is to provide knowledge and skills that enable learners to succeed in various aspects of life. Proposals are aimed at planning for improvement and creating new pathways in different areas. In the context of schools and educational settings, a proposal acts as a guide, leading to improvements in the quality of education and the effectiveness of its delivery.


2. Implementation of Proposals Through Education
Various concepts outlined in proposals are realized through education. For example, schools emphasize proposals to develop new teaching methods, improve curricula, and incorporate technology into learning. In this way, education and proposal are linked and integrated.

3. Improvement and Growth from Educational Methods to Proposals
Proposals create pathways for educational improvement and establish new systems. For instance, they help boost student motivation, introduce innovative methods, and facilitate technological advancements to improve the quality of education. These approaches support the enhancement of educational practices and student engagement.

4. Education and Proposal — A Societal Perspective
Education serves as a powerful agent of change in society, often supported by proposals that introduce new directions in education and contribute to understanding the correct paths for societal growth. Based on the needs of society, education and proposal work in unison to achieve collective advancement.)

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